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CD > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Disease caused by infectious agent (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi)
that is transferred to a susceptible host

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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2
Q

Disease caused by ________ (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi)
that is transferred to a ________

A
  • infectious agent
  • susceptible host
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3
Q

Infectious agents

A

bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, parasites

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4
Q

who could be a susceptible host?

A
  • weak resistance
  • immunocompromised
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5
Q

who are the immunocompromised patients?

A
  • pt with anemia
  • leukemia
  • HIV/AIDs
  • pt who is taking corticosteroids
  • pt who has bone marrow depression
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6
Q

what is corticosteroids?

A

immunosuppressant

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7
Q

entry of microorganism in the body

A

infection

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8
Q

infection will ____

A

proliferate

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9
Q

infection: ______ & _______ of microorganisms

A

growth and multiplication

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10
Q

easily infect others

A

contagious

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11
Q

contagious: it can easily be transmitted to _____

A

another person

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12
Q

example of contagious

A

TB, COVID19

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13
Q

could not easily infect others

A

infection

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14
Q

infectious needs ___

A

vector

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15
Q

example of infectious

A

dengue, malaria, typhoid fever

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16
Q

presence of infection in the body

A

sepsis

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17
Q

Asepsis is the ____ of infection in the body

A

absence

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18
Q

presence of infection in the blood

A

septicemia

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19
Q

clean technique
example: hand washing

A

medical asepsis

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20
Q

sterile technique
example: surgical hand washing

A

surgical asepsis

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21
Q

what is transient flora?

A

temporary microorganisms in the body

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22
Q

not ______ in _____ of the body

A

permanent
habitats

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23
Q

stays for weeks or hours

A

transient flora

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24
Q

what is resident flora?

A

permanent microorganisms in the body

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25
Q

flora in the vagina

A

doderlein bacillus

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26
Q

flora in stomach

A

heliconacter pylori

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27
Q

flora in the intestines

A

E.coli or Escherichia coli

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28
Q

saan nag lilead ang pag increase ng helicobacter pylori if kumain ka ng raw food or contaminated foods?

A

Gastritis which can also lead to peptic ulcers

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29
Q

any microorganisms that could cause infection

A

pathogen

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30
Q

ability of the microorganisms to cause infection to grow and multiply

A

pathogenecity

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31
Q

strength of the microorganisms

A

virulence/ vigor

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32
Q

what is nosocomial infection

A

hospi acquired infection

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33
Q

who are the people usually could get nosocomial infection?

A

pt who has catheter, ngt tube, tpn

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34
Q

contamination referred to something that is rendered ____ or ____

A

unclean or unsterile

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35
Q

somebody who carries microorganisms but does not manifest s/sx

A

carrier

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36
Q

direct and close association with an infected person

A

contact

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37
Q

pt shows s/sx

A

case

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38
Q

differentiate disinfection and sterilization

A

disinfection: process of destroying microorganisms but not their SPORES

sterilization: process of destroying and killing microorganisms including their SPORES

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39
Q

example of sterilization

A

autoclaving

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40
Q

a spore forming bacteria

A

clostridium tetani

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41
Q

differentiate bacteriostatic and bactericidal

A

bacteriostatic: halt/prevent the growth and multiplication of the bacteria

bactericidal: killing the bacteria

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42
Q

example of opportunistic

A

pneumocyctis carinii

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43
Q

enumerate the stages of infection (in order)

A

incubation period
prodromal stage
illness/ febrile/ active/ infective stage
convalescent/ recovery stage

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44
Q

Extends from entry of microorganisms to the appearance
of s/sx

A

incubation period

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45
Q

Extends from_____ of microorganisms to the______

A

entry

appearance
of s/sx

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46
Q

microorganism is growing and multiplying

A

incubation period

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47
Q

Patient is asymptomatic

A

incubation period

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48
Q

Appearance of nonspecific s/sx to appearance of specific
s/sx

A

prodromal period

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49
Q

Appearance of_______ s/sx to appearance of_____
s/sx

A

nonspecific

specific

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50
Q

appearance of specific s/sx

A

illness/active/infective/febrile stage

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51
Q

pathognomonic signs or cardinal signs become more evident

A

infective/febrile/active/illness stage

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52
Q

returns to pre normal state

A

convalescent/recovery stage

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53
Q

discuss the chain of infection

A

infectious/ causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

54
Q

need reservoir to grow and multiply

A

infectious agent

55
Q

natural habitat of the microorganisms where it grows, multiply, or obtain nourishment

A

reservoir

56
Q

example of reservoir

A

human, animal, soil, water, air

57
Q

Route where the microorganisms could leave their habitat

A

portal of exit

58
Q

example of portal of exit

A

body fluids, fecal route, nose, anus

59
Q

Direct, indirect, vehicle, airborne, droplet, vector,
food, animal

A

Mode of
Transmission

60
Q

example of Mode of
Transmission

A

airborne, droplet, direct or indirect, vector, vehicle route

61
Q

tiny particles that remains suspended in the air, they could travel to farther distances

A

airborne

62
Q

through inhalation

A

airborne

63
Q

example of airborne diseases

A

tb, rabbies, chicken pox

64
Q

type of mask for airborne diseases

A

well fitted n95 mask

65
Q

large particles which can only travels shorter distances

A

droplet

66
Q

example of droplet route

A

coughing, laughing , talking with a distance of 3 ft, sneezing

67
Q

example of direct contact?

A

direct sexual intercourse
through prolong skin to skin contact

68
Q

utensils

A

indirect contact

69
Q

what are the 5Fs in indirect contact?

A

finger
food
formites
feces
fly

70
Q

through bites of mosquitos

A

vector

71
Q

what are the types of immunity?

A

Active
natural active and artificial active

passive
natural passive and artificial passive

72
Q

antibodies produced by own body

A

active

73
Q

Active infection
Recovery from illness

A

natural active

74
Q

lifelong immunity

A

natural active

75
Q

artificial active?

A

Antigens that stimulate
antibody production
Ex: Vax, TT

76
Q

injected antigens

A

artificial active

77
Q

Antibodies derived from other sources

A

passive

78
Q

Transferred from mother to
fetus through placenta or
colostrum

A

natural passive

79
Q

Anti-serums, immunoglobulin
injected to a person
Ex: anti-tetanus, anti-rabies,
hyperimmunoglobulin

A

artificial passive

80
Q

what is sporadic (isolated)

A

Occasional, intermittent, few cases, seasonal

81
Q

Continuously present in a certain geographical area

A

endemic

82
Q

Unusually large number of cases

A

epidemic

83
Q

worldwid

A

pandemic

84
Q

leptos pyrosis

A

sporadic

85
Q

malaria in palawan, schistosomiasis in manila

A

endemic

86
Q

covid 19, sars

A

pandemic

87
Q

first line of defense

A

neutrophils

88
Q

neutrophils kill and engulf?

A

bacteria and fungi

89
Q

they breakdown bacteria

A

monocytes

90
Q

lymphocytes consists of?

A

tcells and bcells

91
Q

cells that fight against cancer?

A

tcells

92
Q

cells that produce antibodies to fight off bacteria/virus

A

bcells

93
Q

serve as ALARM when infectious agent strikes

A

basophil

94
Q

basophils secretes what chemical?

A

histamine

95
Q

how histamine works?

A

for allergic reactions

96
Q

anti inflammatory effects

A

eosinophil

97
Q

eosinophils attack and kill?

A

parasites

98
Q

helps basophils in ALLERGIC REACTIONS

A

eosinophils

99
Q

IgA is foud in?

A

saliva or tears

100
Q

increase concentration to mucous membrane, lining of respiratory passages and GIT

A

IgA

101
Q

1st antibodies to produce incase of infection

A

IgM

102
Q

IgM is found in?

A

Blood and lymph

103
Q

most abundant antibodies

A

IgG

104
Q

IgG is responsible in fighting off what?

A

bacterial and viral infections

105
Q

IgE fights what?

A

parasitic infections and allergic reactions

106
Q

where do IgE found?

A

Lungs and skin and mucus membrane

107
Q

least understood?

A

IgD

108
Q

wear ____ when touching
B
M
N

A

Clean gloves

bloods and body fluids
mucous membranes
non intact skin

109
Q

Perform ___ immediately when:
D
A
B

A

handwashing

direct contact with blood and body fluids
after removing gloves
between patient contact

110
Q

Prevent ____
Never
Never
Use

A

Injuries

never attempt to re cap a used needle
never point a needle to any part of your body
use your puncture proof needle container

111
Q

what type of room do patient with airborne disease go?

A

negative pressure room

112
Q

good air?
bad air?

A

goes in
goes out

113
Q

Airborne precautions
P
N nurse wear ?
Client wear?

A

private room- negative pressure room
N95 ( well fitted)
mask (always)

114
Q

remain room unavailable for ___ when patient leaves

A

1 hour

115
Q

2 patient who have the same causative agent should stay in 1 room

A

cohorting or cohabituation

116
Q

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
C
Personnel use?
Remove what?

A

Cohorting
personnel use gloves when entering the room
remove gloves when leaving the room

117
Q

law on reporting of communicable diseases

A

ra 3573

118
Q

Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and
Health Events of Public Health Concern Act
Enacted to replace the 90-year old “Law on
Reporting of Communicable Diseases”

A

ra 11332

119
Q

An act further liberalizing the Treatment of
Leprosy by Amending and Repealing Certain
Sections of the Revised Administrative Code

A

ra 4073

120
Q

An act requiring Compulsory Immunization
Against Hepatitis-B for Infants and Children Below
8-years-old

A

ra 7846

121
Q

old epi law

A

pd 996

122
Q

new epi law; mandatory infant and children immunization act (MICHA act)

A

ra 10152

123
Q

clean air act

A

ra 8749

124
Q

code of sanitation

A

ra 856

125
Q

toxic substances, hazardous wastes, and nuclear waste act

A

ra 6969

126
Q

anti-rabbies law

A

ra 9482

127
Q

tabacco control act

A

ra 9211

128
Q

ph medical act: nurses could perform responsibilities of physician during epidemic, pandemic, and emergency situation

A

ra 2382

129
Q

AIDS/HIV prevention control act

A

ra 8504

130
Q

national immunization day

what RA and what month?

A

pd 147 (march 3,1993)
april and may

131
Q

rooming in and breastfeeding

A

ra 7600

CD (11 decks)

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