Introduction

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

• functional unit of heredity
• needed to synthesis RNA molecules

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

• combo of DNA and protiens
• uniploid (single) or polyploid ( > one)

Question 3

gene expresssion

Answer 3

• process where info from gene is converted into observable product

Question 4

mutation

Answer 4

• transmissible permanant change
• can change or alter function
• lethal = death

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

• all genes from a single gamete
• complete set of genomic info

Question 6

genotype

Answer 6

• all genes of an organism
• can also mean the alleles at specific loci

Question 7

phenotype

Answer 7

• physical appearance due to genotype and environment

Question 8

alleles

Answer 8

• alternating forms of a single gene (ex, hair colour)
• can differ by only one base

Question 9

biochemical approach

Answer 9

• going from proteins that are being isolated by their function or activity and then going toward the DNA
• activity can be looked at in different condition
• the goal is to deduce the nucleotide sequence of the gene

Question 10

genetic approach

Answer 10

• starting at the gene, looking at mutated DNA vs. normal, and going toward the proteins
• allows us to understand what the importance of a protein is, how many genes are involved, the order of the genes (complementation analysis) and the interactions of those genes (genetic suppression)

Question 11

bioinformatics

Answer 11

• using computer science to answer biology questions
• compilations of molecular data in databases

Question 12

model organisms

Answer 12

• small, simple, cheap, easy to maintain, short reproductive cycle, lots fo research on them
• studies are simplified due to them being less-complex organisms
• ex. E.coli, yeast, drosophila, zebrafish, frogs, plants, mouse/rat

Question 13

reporter gene

Answer 13

• coding region joined to a promoter sequence that is introduced into cells to provide the means for measuring the promoter activity.

Question 14

transgenic organism

Answer 14

• an organism that has foreign DNA introduced into one or more of its cells artificially
• can be integrated in a random or controlled fashion

Question 15

knockout organism

Answer 15

• DNA is introduced into the cell at a targeted, specific place to knock out the turning on of a gene
• still considered transgenic as you are inserting DNA into a cell