Introduction Flashcards
Lighting accounts for _____ to ____% of the electricty in US and Canada and almost ______ % of total global electricity consumption.
20, 25, 20
The fundamental reasons for providing light in a space are to make ________ in the space ________ and to conduct activities that must take place in the ___________.
objects, visible, space
Good architectural lighting provides the right quantity of _______, with excellent color _________ and minimal _____________.
light, rendition, glare
_______________ has played an important role in human activity throughout history.
Light
Up until the early part of _________ century, people have relied on ___________ and___________ such as wood, candle wax, whale oil, coal oil, coal gas and kerosene but with advent of _____________ and _______________, communities started swithcing to safer, cost effective powered lighting,
20th century, natural lighting, flame sources, electricity, incandescent lamps
The earliest known unit of illumination still used today.
foot-candle
A German __________ invented a more efficient vacuum pump in _________ which was critical to the development of incandescent light bulb.
Herman Sprengel, chemist, 1865
First developed a working incandescent light bulb using a carbon-filament lamp in __________________.
Joseph Swan, 02-05-1879
first announced the succesful development of an incandescent lamp with a baked __________ cotton thread filament in __________________.
Thomas Alva Edison, carbonized, 12-21-1879
He was the first to develop commercially FEASIBLE _____________, a low-cost lamp that could remain lit for a long period of time.
Thomas Alva Edison, electric light
When did Edison Electric Light Company which was later known as ______________________ powered incandescent streetlights and lamps in parts of _________ and later in __________ which served as a model for future utilities.
1882,Consolidated Edison Company , London, New York,
On ________________ , the Niagra Falls Power Company became the first utility to produce and transmit ________________.
08-26-1895, hydroelectric power
In __________, General Electric introduced _______________ lighting, an electric light source that is more efficient than incandescent lamp.
1939, fluorescent
Professional Organization (P.O.) developed ________________, ______________ and ____________ that govern the design and construction of building lighting and electrical systems.
technical standards, specifications, design techniques
IESNA
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
IALD
International Association of Lighting Designers
NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
ALA
American Lighting Association
model code that specifies the minimum provisions necessary for protecting _________ and __________ from use of electricity and electrical equipment.
National Electrical Code, people, property.
NEC applies to both ___________ and ________ of electrical equipment.
installation, manufacture
These organizations addresses energy consumption in commercial and high rise residential buildings.
ASHRAE ( American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) and IESNA 90.1
__________ of a good ____________ involves application of a blend between scientific principles, artistic skill, and design experience.
Design, lighting system
It is a branch of physics that relates to the properties of light and function of vision.
Optics
