Introduction Flashcards
Is the forensic science of analyzing and interpreting evidence using the natural sciences. forensic science pertains to all sciences applied to legal problems.
Application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical evidence in criminal cases.
Criminalistics
Comes from the latin word “forum” which means “marketplace or public gathering”. relating to or dealing with the application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.
Forensic
A science that deals with a composition, structure and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo
Chemistry
That branch of chemistry, which deals with the application of chemical principles in the solution of problems that arise in connection with the administration of justice. it is chemistry applied in the elucidation of legal problems. it is chemistry used in courts of law. chemistry belonging to the court of law.
Forensic chemistry
Is one who practices forensic chemistry
Forensic chemist
Is the means, sanctioned by the revised rules of court, of ascertaining to a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact.
Statements, information and things that are used to prove or disprove an alleged fact.
Evidence
Are articles and materials which are found in connection with an investigation and which aid in establishing the identity of the perpetrator of the circumstances under which the crime was committed or which in general assist in the prosecution of the criminal. Encompasses any and all objects that can establish that crime was been committed or can provide a link between a crime and its victims or a crime and its perpetrator.
Physical evidence
Scope of forensic chemistry
it includes the chemical side of criminal investigation.
It includes the analysis of any material the quantity of which may give rise to legal proceeding.
It is not limited to purely chemical questions involved in legal proceedings.
It has invaded other branches of forensic sciences notably legal medicines, ballistics, questioned documents, dactyloscopy and photography.
Roles of forensic chemist in the scientific criminal investigation
Determining whether or not a place or location is a clandestine laboratory.
Examination of marked bills or suspects during entrapment.
Taking paraffin test.
Role of the chemist in criminal investigation
- Collection and reception of specimen for lab. Examination.
-sufficiency of sample
-standard for comparison
-maintenance of individuality
-labeling and scaling - The actual examination of specimen
- Communication of the result of examine
- court apparatus
One who personally sees or perceives a thing; one who testifies as to what he has seen, heard or otherwise observed.
Witness
State facts and may not express his opinions or conclusions. He may testify to impressions of common experiments such as the speed of a vehicle, whether a voice was that of a man, woman or child. beyond this he is closely limited.
Ordinary witness
One who possess a special skill, be it in art trade or science or one who has special knowledge in waters not generally known to men or ordinary education and experiments. A person skilled in some art, trade or science to the extent that he possesses information not within the common knowledge of man.
Expert witness
A person who saw the fatal act
Eyewitness
Are known specimens to compare with the questioned needed to aid in establishing a suspects relationship to the crime under investigation.
Standard specimen
