Introduction Flashcards
Define embryology
Study of the formation of the embryo n fetus, an observational biology
Whats developmental biology
Study of how animals grow and develop; expands embryological studues using molecular techniques
What are the common aspects or basic principles of development
Cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis
What are the principles n outcome of cleavage
Cell division and pattern formation which forms a multicellular organism, and initiates the formation of the germ layer
What are the principles n outcome of gastrulation
Morphogenesis, n leads to the formation of the three germ layers
What are the principles n outcome of organogenesis
Cell differentiation and growth leading to blood, muscle and nerves, and maturity !!
What are the developmental mechanics or morphogenesis
[ASMPD EM] Cell adhesion, cell shape, cell movement, cell proloferation/death, and extracellular materials
Changes in ASMPD EM do what
.. alter the form of cell groups, tissues, organs, and the entire embryo. Basta it affects the embryo rin. “Scuplts”
Why should we study development?
To address issues relating to growth and development of organisms, specifically ours. Like theres a lot of neonatal deaths and defects
What is developmental biology
Study of the process bg which organs grow and develop. Single cell to multicellular n wholeass organisms with organs n stuff
2 types of growth n define
Allometric - varying rates of growth/development; Isometric - consistent growth/development (or rate of mitosis)
Whats reproduction
Recognition and interaction of gametes at fertilization
Whats gametogenesis
Formation and maintenance of pluripotent, haploid germ cells (gametes)
Wats envuronmental integration
Early development of organisms is influenced by environmental cues
How has the study ofdevelopment changed
Purely descriptive focus of embryo to experimental.. considers more than just embryos but the entire life cycle
Who is creduted with first notions of embryology + 2 developmental questions
Aristotle
Hypothesized that all animals came from da egg
William harvey duh
Who drew 1st micrographs od developing chick embryos n sparked debate for epigenesis and preformation
Marcello Malpighi (late 1600s)
Whats preformation
Organism is preformed as a complete miniature version of themselves in the sperm or egg
Preformatists
Jan Swammerdam, Marcello Malpighi, Nicholas Malebranche. Nicholas Hartsoeker, Charles Bonnet
Wats epigenesis
Theory that animals develop from an unfertilized egg; in a stepwise fashion from an unorganized state, embryonic sturctures arise from interaction of gametes
Epigenesis belibers
William Harvey, Rene Descartes, Pierre Mauoertuis
Y were preformationist ideas pervasive
Bc fertilization has not been observed, n no one could fathom how small the cells in our bodies could be
Wat did nicolas hartsoker invented, n wat did he co discover
Screw-barrel microscope, sperm
Charles bonnet
Ovist bc of parthogenesis in daphnia (bro issa preformationist)
Wats i think therefore i am jn the other language
Corgito ergo sum (jus tink of corgi-to (erm spanish corgi) then ergo proxy)
Pierre mauperitus (perry tus,, mau perry da platipus!!)
Essai de cosmologie- gave hints or ideas relating to survival of the fittest, n argued na preformatism does not take into account them hybrids or congenital monsterz, also said na the embryo undergoes thru a num of distinct stages so slay pierre
Essai de cosmologie boi
Pierre maupertius
Discovered notochord
My boy ernst von baer !!!
Visualized epigenesis of embryonic germ layers
Christian Pander (christian (bale) panda er)
Described pharyngeal arches, skull formation
Heinrich Rathke (hi rich WRATH) :00
All vertebrate embryos have similar structure what r these
Gill arches, notochords, spinal chords … they develop early !!!
Diagram or representation of expected fate of an embryo, wat r theur importance
Fate maps ; uses fluorescent tags radio active labels 2 trace movement n positiinoing of cells + used for formation of chimeric embryos !!
Have similar functions n strixture but not related
Analogous structures
Have similar structures bc of common ancestry
Homologous structures
Example of wat causes dirsuptions in teratology
Thalomide
2 types of growth ulit!!
Iso and allometric now define!!
Whats the model used for reaction diffusion system of pattern generation !!
Turing model (turi ip ip ip)
Wats turing model pookie
2 diff solutions react 2 form stable patterns during morphogenesis (alternating areas of high n low conc) smthn used to generate models via computer, prolly analyzes growth rates from wat i undertsnad
Y is devbio important
It cud help solve problems relating 2 it, allows us to understand how prganisms came 2 be which is interesting n at the sams time jt brinfs together the different hierarchies of cell complexity,, foundatikn for reseatxh!
