Introduction

Question 1

Define embryology

Answer 1

Study of the formation of the embryo n fetus, an observational biology

Question 2

Whats developmental biology

Answer 2

Study of how animals grow and develop; expands embryological studues using molecular techniques

Question 3

What are the common aspects or basic principles of development

Answer 3

Cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis

Question 4

What are the principles n outcome of cleavage

Answer 4

Cell division and pattern formation which forms a multicellular organism, and initiates the formation of the germ layer

Question 5

What are the principles n outcome of gastrulation

Answer 5

Morphogenesis, n leads to the formation of the three germ layers

Question 6

What are the principles n outcome of organogenesis

Answer 6

Cell differentiation and growth leading to blood, muscle and nerves, and maturity !!

Question 7

What are the developmental mechanics or morphogenesis

Answer 7

[ASMPD EM] Cell adhesion, cell shape, cell movement, cell proloferation/death, and extracellular materials

Question 8

Changes in ASMPD EM do what

Answer 8

.. alter the form of cell groups, tissues, organs, and the entire embryo. Basta it affects the embryo rin. “Scuplts”

Question 9

Why should we study development?

Answer 9

To address issues relating to growth and development of organisms, specifically ours. Like theres a lot of neonatal deaths and defects

Question 10

What is developmental biology

Answer 10

Study of the process bg which organs grow and develop. Single cell to multicellular n wholeass organisms with organs n stuff

Question 11

2 types of growth n define

Answer 11

Allometric - varying rates of growth/development; Isometric - consistent growth/development (or rate of mitosis)

Question 12

Whats reproduction

Answer 12

Recognition and interaction of gametes at fertilization

Question 13

Whats gametogenesis

Answer 13

Formation and maintenance of pluripotent, haploid germ cells (gametes)

Question 14

Wats envuronmental integration

Answer 14

Early development of organisms is influenced by environmental cues

Question 15

How has the study ofdevelopment changed

Answer 15

Purely descriptive focus of embryo to experimental.. considers more than just embryos but the entire life cycle

Question 16

Who is creduted with first notions of embryology + 2 developmental questions

Answer 16

Aristotle

Question 17

Hypothesized that all animals came from da egg

Answer 17

William harvey duh

Question 18

Who drew 1st micrographs od developing chick embryos n sparked debate for epigenesis and preformation

Answer 18

Marcello Malpighi (late 1600s)

Question 19

Whats preformation

Answer 19

Organism is preformed as a complete miniature version of themselves in the sperm or egg

Question 20

Preformatists

Answer 20

Jan Swammerdam, Marcello Malpighi, Nicholas Malebranche. Nicholas Hartsoeker, Charles Bonnet

Question 21

Wats epigenesis

Answer 21

Theory that animals develop from an unfertilized egg; in a stepwise fashion from an unorganized state, embryonic sturctures arise from interaction of gametes

Question 22

Epigenesis belibers

Answer 22

William Harvey, Rene Descartes, Pierre Mauoertuis

Question 23

Y were preformationist ideas pervasive

Answer 23

Bc fertilization has not been observed, n no one could fathom how small the cells in our bodies could be

Question 24

Wat did nicolas hartsoker invented, n wat did he co discover

Answer 24

Screw-barrel microscope, sperm

Question 25

Charles bonnet

Answer 25

Ovist bc of parthogenesis in daphnia (bro issa preformationist)

Question 26

Wats i think therefore i am jn the other language

Answer 26

Corgito ergo sum (jus tink of corgi-to (erm spanish corgi) then ergo proxy)

Question 27

Pierre mauperitus (perry tus,, mau perry da platipus!!)

Answer 27

Essai de cosmologie- gave hints or ideas relating to survival of the fittest, n argued na preformatism does not take into account them hybrids or congenital monsterz, also said na the embryo undergoes thru a num of distinct stages so slay pierre

Question 28

Essai de cosmologie boi

Answer 28

Pierre maupertius

Question 29

Discovered notochord

Answer 29

My boy ernst von baer !!!

Question 30

Visualized epigenesis of embryonic germ layers

Answer 30

Christian Pander (christian (bale) panda er)

Question 31

Described pharyngeal arches, skull formation

Answer 31

Heinrich Rathke (hi rich WRATH) :00

Question 32

All vertebrate embryos have similar structure what r these

Answer 32

Gill arches, notochords, spinal chords … they develop early !!!

Question 33

Diagram or representation of expected fate of an embryo, wat r theur importance

Answer 33

Fate maps ; uses fluorescent tags radio active labels 2 trace movement n positiinoing of cells + used for formation of chimeric embryos !!

Question 34

Have similar functions n strixture but not related

Answer 34

Analogous structures

Question 35

Have similar structures bc of common ancestry

Answer 35

Homologous structures

Question 36

Example of wat causes dirsuptions in teratology

Answer 36

Thalomide

Question 37

2 types of growth ulit!!

Answer 37

Iso and allometric now define!!

Question 38

Whats the model used for reaction diffusion system of pattern generation !!

Answer 38

Turing model (turi ip ip ip)

Question 39

Wats turing model pookie

Answer 39

2 diff solutions react 2 form stable patterns during morphogenesis (alternating areas of high n low conc) smthn used to generate models via computer, prolly analyzes growth rates from wat i undertsnad

Question 40

Y is devbio important

Answer 40

It cud help solve problems relating 2 it, allows us to understand how prganisms came 2 be which is interesting n at the sams time jt brinfs together the different hierarchies of cell complexity,, foundatikn for reseatxh!