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AGRI 21: Animal Breeding > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals

A

Animal breeding

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2
Q

Aimed at the improvement of animals by changing their genetic abilities for important traits

A

Animal breeding

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3
Q

Definition of animal breeding

A
  • application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals
  • aimed at the improvement of animals by changing their genetic abilities for important traits
  • science that incorporates genetics, reproductive, physiology, statistics, computer science, and animal husbandry in a highly interactive fashion to maximize genetic improvement

keyword: genetic improvement

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4
Q

forms the backbone of modern animal breeding

A

quantitative and statistical genetics

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5
Q

study of principles of inheritance and variation in farm animals

A

animal genetics

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6
Q

What is animal genetics?

A

study of principles of inheritance and variation in farm animals

keyword: inheritance and variation

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7
Q

if there is no _______, there is no room for _______ and __________

A

variation

selection and genetic improvement

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8
Q

True or False:
Animal breeding is slow and permanent

A

True

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9
Q

True or False:
Animal breeding is a holistic approach

A

False, animal breeding is a wholistic approach

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10
Q

Animal breeding is a wholistic approach between what fields?

A
  • quantitative genetics
  • statistics
  • reproductive biology
  • animal husbandry
  • computer science
  • molecular genetics
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11
Q

Vocabulary:

study of characteristics which are not affected by the action of just a few major genes

bonus: what are these characteristics?

A

quantitative genetics

bonus: economical(ly important) traits

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12
Q

Vocabulary:

study if the molecular structure and function of genes

A

molecular genetics

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13
Q

If animals cannot reproduce, then there is ________

bonus: explain yor answer

A

genetic dead-end

bonus: genes of animals cannot improve hence, a dead-end

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14
Q

is breeding the same as reproduction? If yes, why? If no, then what are they?

A

no, they are complementary

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15
Q

What is the main goal of animal breeding?

A

to make the best use of available records to select and develop individuals or breeds of animals which possess the correct genetic makeup for a particular form and function

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16
Q

Enumerate the activities of animal breeding

A
  • determine the percentage of differences (variation) among animals due to genetics
  • develop and use statistics for predicting breeding value for ranking animals
  • measure and predict genetic progress (genetic improvement) resulting from different breeding programs
  • organize a testing and recording program (or system) to assist in making rapid genetic progress
  • provide the results to the industry to service their needs
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17
Q

The modern understanding of the principles of genetic improvement could have begun with the publication of _____________ by ___________ in year ____________.

A

“The Origin of Species” by Charles Darwin in 1859

18
Q

What was established in 1721, 1822, and 1874?

bonus: what is it?

A

Herdbook registeries

In England:
- (1721) horses
- (1822) cattle

In US
- (1874) pigs

bonus: herdbook initially contains animal performance and eventually pedigree on paper

19
Q

paved the way for the formation of breeds at a time when the common topic for debate is what is the true definition of the term “breed”

A

herdbooks

20
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

an austrian monk and showed that breeding works on garden peas through his work “Law of Particulate Inheritance” published in 1865

21
Q

What is Gregor Mendel’s work and when was it published?

A

Law of Particulate Inheritance in 1865

22
Q

Who rediscovered the work of Mendel and when?

bonus: what are they?

A

Hugo de Vries, Carl E. Correns, and Erich von Tschermak in 1901

bonus: they are botanists

23
Q

True or False:
The concept of inheritance is still not accepted during 1901

A

False, the concept of inheritance is starting to be accepted in 1901 (de Vries, Correns, and von Tschermak rediscovery of Mendel’s book)

24
Q

he discovered that inheritance is also applied to animals using chickens

bonus: what year

A

William Bateson

bonus: 1906

25
Q

coined the term gene, genotype, and phenotype

A

Wilhelm Johannsen

26
Q

they discovered the chemical structure and function of the gene

bonus: what year?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

bonus: 1956

27
Q

father of animal breeding

A

Sir Robert Blakewell

28
Q

he mated related animals with similar traits to fix certain characteristics in animals; pioneered recording of animal performance in developing in the Shire breed of horses, old Longhorn cattle, and Leicester sheep in 18th century

A

Sir Robert Blakewell

29
Q

father of modern animal breeding

A

Dr. Jay Laurence Lush

30
Q

established the foundation of modern methods of estimating breeding values in 1930

A

Dr. Jay Laurence Lush

31
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

an austrian monk and showed that breeding works on garden peas through his work “Law of Particulate Inheritance” published in 1865

32
Q

Hugo de Vries, Carl E. Correns, and Erich von Tschermak

A

rediscovered the work of Gregor Mendel in 1901

33
Q

William Bateson

A

discovered that inheritance is also applicable to animals using chickens in 1906

34
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick

A

discovered the chemical structure and function of genes in 1956

35
Q

Compare Robert Blakewell and Jay Lush

A

Sir Robert Blakewell
- 1725-1795
- father of animal breeding
- pioneered recording of animal performance
- introduced the method of evaluating performance of progenies and used that information to select the best father of the future progeny
- “like begets like”, “superior parents are more likely to produce superior offspring”, so “breed the best of the best”

Dr. Jay Laurence Lush
- 1896-1982
- father of modern animal breeding
- established the foundation of modern methods of estimating breeding values in 1930
- “breed the best of the best, but still hope for the best”

36
Q

Wilhelm Johannsen

A

coined the term gene, genotype, phenotype

37
Q

contributes a substantial portion of overall improvement in the livestock industry

A

genetic improvement

38
Q

UP College of Agriculture Contributions in Animal Breeding and from what years?

bonus: under the leadership of?

A

1920s to 1940s
- Philamin cattle
- Berkjala pigs
- Los Banos - Cantonese chickens

all of these breeds are now extinct

bonus: Dr. Bienvenido Maria Sioco, first Filipino dean of UPCA and form president of UP

39
Q

philippine native, amican hereford, and indian nellore

clue: cattles

A

Philamin cattle

40
Q

native pigs, jala-jala, rizal, and berkshire

bonus: pig

A

berkjala pigs

41
Q

cantonese and los banos chickens

A

Los Banos - Cantonese chickens

42
Q

Filipino Animal Breeders and their contributions

A
  1. Dr. Cecilio R. Arboleda
    - successful in interspecific cross between Mallard and Muscovy ducks; “bitik” and “tikbi” [difference: father first]
  2. Dr. Angel L. Lambio
    -Mule ducks from three way cross of three breeds of ducks
  3. Dr. Orville L. Bondoc
    - design of animal breeding strategies
    - livestock genetic evaluation
  4. Dr. Rene C. Santiago
    - Bureau of animal industry
    - Itik Pinas

AGRI 21: Animal Breeding (5 decks)

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