INTRODUCTION

Question 1

A branch of science that deals with all abnormalities of structure and functions.

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

The abnormal structural and functional changes that occur in the animal body during disease

Answer 2

Lesions

Question 3

Is the search for and study of lesions.

Answer 3

Pathology

Question 4

Pathology two major professional divisions:

Answer 4

Medical Pathology
Veterinary Pathology

Question 5

Study of diseases in humans

Answer 5

Medical Pathology

Question 6

Dealth with all animal species.

Answer 6

Veterinary Pathology

Question 7

Two major divisions of Pathology:

Answer 7

Anatomic pathology
Clinical Pathology

Question 8

Is a traditional academic subdivision that deals with the study of the common denominators of disease, and the mechanisms of disease production

Answer 8

General Pathology

Question 9

Deals with the study of specific diseases as they affect specific organs and organ system

Answer 9

Systemic or Special Pathology

Question 10

Study of tissue abnormalities using either gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials

Answer 10

Diagnostic Pathology

Question 11

Deals with biopsy materials, or those materials surgically sampled from living animals.

Answer 11

Surgical Pathology

Question 12

Deals with the study of disease in cells, tissues and organs

Answer 12

Former

Question 13

Deals with body fluids and secretions.

Answer 13

Latter

Question 14

Deals with the manipulation , analysis and experimental production of abnormalities

Answer 14

Experimental Pathology

Question 15

Specialties in Pathology

Answer 15

Immunopathology
Toxicopathology
Molecular pathology, etc.

Question 16

Pathologists approached

Answer 16

Recognize
Understand

Question 17

Two points to consider when lesions are found.

Answer 17

Caused by the agent of disease
Consequent body reactions

Question 18

3 steps useful in Veterinary Medicine

Answer 18

Observe carefully
Describe completely
Diagnos Confidently

Question 19

Defined as that body condition resulting from defects, excesses, deficiencies, and injuries as they occur at the cell and tissue level that leads to clinically apparent signs of dysfunction.

Answer 19

Disease

Question 20

Deals with the evolution of a group of animals

Answer 20

Phylogeny

Question 21

Three interacting factors

Answer 21

Animal Itself
Agent of disease
Environment

Question 22

Factors that determine disease include:

Answer 22

Breed
Race
Genetic constitution
Age
Sex
Animal classification
Immune status
Nutrition

Question 23

Great influence on health of the animal

Answer 23

Environment
Agent of disease

Question 24

Identified agents of disease include:

Answer 24

Biological
Physical
Chemical
Nutritional
Immunologic factors

Question 25

Biologic agents

Answer 25

Pathogenecity

Question 26

The capacity to cause disease determine the level of damage to the host

Answer 26

Pathogenicity

Question 27

The developmental process from the culmination of the disease to its termination

Answer 27

Pathogenesis

Question 28

The disease process in progress, the alterations in the normal functions

Answer 28

Pathophysiology

Question 29

The conclusion derived from the study of the cause and pathogenesis of the disease

Answer 29

Diagnosis

Question 30

The probable outcome of such a disease

Answer 30

Prognosis

Question 31

Study of the cause of disease

Answer 31

Etiology

Question 32

Provides the precise cause of the disease

Answer 32

Aetiologic disease

Question 33

As disease processes started and progresses there are four possible outcomes

Answer 33

Healing and recovery Death Functional deficit Impasse

Question 34

Steady state where the agent cannot cause damage any further sufficiently to cause functional impairment or death

Answer 34

Impasse

Question 35

Defensive mechanisms against biologic agents of disease which classified under broad categories as:

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Mechanical Anatomic Physiologic Immunologic defense

Question 36

Example of mechanical

Answer 36

Reflex reactions such as sneezing, coughing

Question 37

Anatomic barriers include:

Answer 37

Blood brain barrier s Placental barriers

Question 38

Example of Physiologic response

Answer 38

Phagocytic cells(neutrophils, macrophages) Natural killer cells

Question 39

Immunologic defenses

Answer 39

White blood cell(lymphocytes) Reactive plasma proteins

Question 40

Four aspects of a disease form the core of pathology

Answer 40

Etiology Pathogenesis Morphologic changes Clinical significance

Question 41

The mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or tissue injury to disease development

Answer 41

Pathogenesis

Question 42

The structural alterations in cells or tissue that are often characteristics of the disease

Answer 42

Morphologic changes

Question 43

The nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs/ tissue influence normal function and determine the clinical signs, course and prognosis of the disease

Answer 43

Clinical Significance

Question 44

A lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or characteristics

Answer 44

Pathognomonic

Question 45

Refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell

Answer 45

Injury

Question 46

Anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell

Answer 46

Injury

Question 47

Any stimulus or succession of stimulus of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism

Answer 47

Stress

Question 48

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms

Answer 48

Homeostasis

Question 49

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity

Answer 49

Virulence

Question 50

Usually defined as examination of a human body

Answer 50

Autopsy

Question 51

The examination of any other animal

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Necropsy

Question 52

The removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis

Answer 52

Biopsy

Question 53

Types of diagnosis

Answer 53

Differential diagnosis Morphological diagnosis Clinical diagnosis Etiological diagnosis Disease(definitive) diagnosis

Question 54

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case

Answer 54

Differential diagnosis

Question 55

Pathology provide the basis for understanding:

Answer 55

The mechanisms of disease The classification of disease The diagnosis of disease The basis of treatment Monitoring the progress of disease Determining prognosis Understanding complications

Question 56

SNOMED- Standard classification of disease- considers the following aspects:

Answer 56

Topography Morphology Etiology Function Disease Procedure Occupation

Question 57

Working tools

Answer 57

Physical contact Naked eye Alert mind Cellary methods

Question 58

SNOMED

Answer 58

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine