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PATHOLOGY > INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of science that deals with all abnormalities of structure and functions.

A

Pathology

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2
Q

The abnormal structural and functional changes that occur in the animal body during disease

A

Lesions

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3
Q

Is the search for and study of lesions.

A

Pathology

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4
Q

Pathology two major professional divisions:

A

Medical Pathology
Veterinary Pathology

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5
Q

Study of diseases in humans

A

Medical Pathology

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6
Q

Dealth with all animal species.

A

Veterinary Pathology

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7
Q

Two major divisions of Pathology:

A

Anatomic pathology
Clinical Pathology

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8
Q

Is a traditional academic subdivision that deals with the study of the common denominators of disease, and the mechanisms of disease production

A

General Pathology

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9
Q

Deals with the study of specific diseases as they affect specific organs and organ system

A

Systemic or Special Pathology

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10
Q

Study of tissue abnormalities using either gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials

A

Diagnostic Pathology

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11
Q

Deals with biopsy materials, or those materials surgically sampled from living animals.

A

Surgical Pathology

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12
Q

Deals with the study of disease in cells, tissues and organs

A

Former

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13
Q

Deals with body fluids and secretions.

A

Latter

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14
Q

Deals with the manipulation , analysis and experimental production of abnormalities

A

Experimental Pathology

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15
Q

Specialties in Pathology

A

Immunopathology
Toxicopathology
Molecular pathology, etc.

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16
Q

Pathologists approached

A

Recognize
Understand

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17
Q

Two points to consider when lesions are found.

A

Caused by the agent of disease
Consequent body reactions

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18
Q

3 steps useful in Veterinary Medicine

A

Observe carefully
Describe completely
Diagnos Confidently

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19
Q

Defined as that body condition resulting from defects, excesses, deficiencies, and injuries as they occur at the cell and tissue level that leads to clinically apparent signs of dysfunction.

A

Disease

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20
Q

Deals with the evolution of a group of animals

A

Phylogeny

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21
Q

Three interacting factors

A

Animal Itself
Agent of disease
Environment

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22
Q

Factors that determine disease include:

A

Breed
Race
Genetic constitution
Age
Sex
Animal classification
Immune status
Nutrition

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23
Q

Great influence on health of the animal

A

Environment
Agent of disease

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24
Q

Identified agents of disease include:

A

Biological
Physical
Chemical
Nutritional
Immunologic factors

25
Q

Biologic agents

A

Pathogenecity

26
Q

The capacity to cause disease determine the level of damage to the host

A

Pathogenicity

27
Q

The developmental process from the culmination of the disease to its termination

A

Pathogenesis

28
Q

The disease process in progress, the alterations in the normal functions

A

Pathophysiology

29
Q

The conclusion derived from the study of the cause and pathogenesis of the disease

A

Diagnosis

30
Q

The probable outcome of such a disease

A

Prognosis

31
Q

Study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

32
Q

Provides the precise cause of the disease

A

Aetiologic disease

33
Q

As disease processes started and progresses there are four possible outcomes

A

Healing and recovery
Death
Functional deficit
Impasse

34
Q

Steady state where the agent cannot cause damage any further sufficiently to cause functional impairment or death

A

Impasse

35
Q

Defensive mechanisms against biologic agents of disease which classified under broad categories as:

A

Mechanical
Anatomic
Physiologic
Immunologic defense

36
Q

Example of mechanical

A

Reflex reactions such as sneezing, coughing

37
Q

Anatomic barriers include:

A

Blood brain barrier s
Placental barriers

38
Q

Example of Physiologic response

A

Phagocytic cells(neutrophils, macrophages)
Natural killer cells

39
Q

Immunologic defenses

A

White blood cell(lymphocytes)
Reactive plasma proteins

40
Q

Four aspects of a disease form the core of pathology

A

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic changes
Clinical significance

41
Q

The mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or tissue injury to disease development

A

Pathogenesis

42
Q

The structural alterations in cells or tissue that are often characteristics of the disease

A

Morphologic changes

43
Q

The nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs/ tissue influence normal function and determine the clinical signs, course and prognosis of the disease

A

Clinical Significance

44
Q

A lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or characteristics

A

Pathognomonic

45
Q

Refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell

A

Injury

46
Q

Anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell

A

Injury

47
Q

Any stimulus or succession of stimulus of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism

A

Stress

48
Q

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms

A

Homeostasis

49
Q

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

50
Q

Usually defined as examination of a human body

A

Autopsy

51
Q

The examination of any other animal

A

Necropsy

52
Q

The removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis

A

Biopsy

53
Q

Types of diagnosis

A

Differential diagnosis
Morphological diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis
Etiological diagnosis
Disease(definitive) diagnosis

54
Q

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case

A

Differential diagnosis

55
Q

Pathology provide the basis for understanding:

A

The mechanisms of disease
The classification of disease
The diagnosis of disease
The basis of treatment
Monitoring the progress of disease
Determining prognosis
Understanding complications

56
Q

SNOMED- Standard classification of disease- considers the following aspects:

A

Topography
Morphology
Etiology
Function
Disease
Procedure
Occupation

57
Q

Working tools

A

Physical contact
Naked eye
Alert mind
Cellary methods

58
Q

SNOMED

A

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine

PATHOLOGY (4 decks)

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