Introduction Flashcards
What are the advantages (4) and one disadvantage of using medical robots?
Accurate + precise; untiring
smaller or larger than people
remotely operated (as needed)
connected to computers which gives them access to info
not always able to operate autonomously in highly complex, uncertain environments
what are the potential impact of medical robotics in medicine?
more clinicians will be able to perform more difficult and new procedures.
more patients can be rehabilitated
Explain the stages and involvement medical robots may have in the medical procedure.
Preoperative
planning using CAD and patient specific modelling
intraoperative
Model and plan are updated with real time computer assistance CAM
postoperative
Computer assisted assessment using databases TQM
list the 5 different levels of human input in medical robots
Oral
Manual
Cooperative manipulation
teleoperation
autonomous
Whats a teleoperated robot assisted minimally invasive surgery?
Surgeon operates from a master console like a joystick
on the patient end the robot carries out the procedure
what are some advantages of using teleoperated robot assisted minimally invasive surgery?
enhances surgeons capabilities and improves surgery outcomes
Improved accuracy
What is force feedback for manipulation?
involves providing haptic or tactile feedback for the surgeons during a procedure.
What are some advantages of implementing graphical force feedback
graphical force feedback results in lower peak forces, lower variability of forces and fewer broken sutures for untrained robot-assisted surgeons
Why is preoperative computer assisted planning important?
Help surgeon gain a better understanding of patients anatomy and plan their procedures accordingly.
can be used for training
why is modeling important in medical robotics?
Improving training and planning (paving a way for autonomous robotic procedures)
what is simulation?
from modeling to simulation
provides a safe environment for training and practice
Give 3 examples of simulators for surgical training and a company associated with this industry
Laparoscopy
endovascular
endoscopy
immersion corp
list the factors involved with modeling for medical robotics
Real tissue -> Data recording
V
Complex tool-tissue model -> simplifying algorithm
V
tool-tissue model -> rendering
V
Haptic/Visual display -> force/position
V
Human
What properties do models take into account?
material properties
boundary constraints
geometry
takes these into account to produce realistic models
describe how models are applied to enable needle steering
Uses tip asymmetry, pre-bent needle tips and other techniques to produce precise control and maneuverability during needle insertion.
What is rehabilitation robotics?
Using medical robotics for Replacing, training, or assisting to improve quality of life
socially assistive devices can provide cost effective personalised medium for long term care improving health outcomes
What are the growing health care challenges that can be addressed through medical robotics?
1 in 5 children are overweight
1M Parkinson’s patients
750,000 strokes per year in US
V
regaining function and retaining independence
millions suffering from isolation and depression
need for caregivers in home and institution
V
caretaking for stating at home/aging in place
6.6M special ed students
3.5M with ADHD
V
individual learning and training for special needs
why are socially assistive robotics needed and give examples of what it can be used for
needed due to cost of healthcare and population size is large (growth trends)
personalized medium to long term care is required
human centered robotics that may improve health outcomes:
- monitoring
- coaching/training
- motivation
- companionship/socialization
robots can lessen the work load on caregivers lowering medical costs
What kind of robotics can be used to help with movement therapy and assistance?
Exoskeletons to improve movement and muscle function
neurally controlled prostheses
can help with stroke patients and for people with functional physical limitations that affect living
In movement therapy what is an important factor to consider?
Personalisation of the therapy to specific individuals
In simple terms how does a neurally controlled prosthesis work?
the prosthetic has a motor that produces torque and needs a control signal. One way get this signal is neurally
What factors are considered to make medical robotics safe for patients?
Low force and speed
Risk analysis (eliminate single points of failure)
fault tolerance (hardware and software)
Fail safe design(system fails to a safe state)
redundant sensing
What are the ideal goals of medical robotics? (5)
Quantitative description of patient state
use of models to plan intervention
design of devices, systems and processes to connect information to action
Incorporating human input in a natural way
Goal : improve health and quality of life
