Application areas for medical and healthcare robotics Flashcards
What is medicine in terms of science?
the application of science and technology to treat and prevent injury and disease
- surgery, interventional radiology
- physical and occupational therapy
replacing lost limb function
What is health care?
The availability of treatment and prevention of illness
- therapy oversight
-coaching and motivation
give 2 uses for medical robots?
to mimic biology as a way to study and test hoe the human body and brain functions
Used to acquire data from biological systems with unprecedented accuracy, gaining quotative insights into physical and social behaviour
Name a societal driver for the use of medical robotics
Economics
Faster recovery times lead to improved worker productivity
new tech improve risk-benefit and cost benefit ratios
lower costs to society by decreasing impact on families, caregivers, and employers
objective approach for accountability and certification/assessment
apart from economics name another societal driver for the use of medical robotics
Access
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explain why Access is a societal diver for medical robotics
Affordability
- robots cost reduce the cost of clinical rehabilitative care
- in-home systems for motivating and coaching physical and cognitive exercise for prevention and rehabilitation
- caretaking of the elderly to promote aging in place delay the onset of dementia, and provide companionship to mitigate isolation and depression
Location
- natural and manmade disasters
- battlefield: remote working environments (space, undersea, underground)
- rural populations
What are household or ADL helper robots?
assists with activities of daily living (help walking, vacuum, lifting objects)
service robots
How does the grabbing robot cody work?
uses cameras to analyse where to put objects
uses 2 fingers with rubber surfaces to grab items and place them
stationary robot
sensors (camera), cpu or microcontrollers, physical mechanics, tactile feedback system are all working together.
can hold soft and brittle objects
not very dextrous
how can you rectify aspects that have lost function within the human body?
use a prosthetic
live with the missing function (some cases)
use transplants
what are are the two types of prosthesis?
active prosthetic - powered with motors
passive - only used for simple actions using things like springs and cord to provide functionality.
would one face in the field of robotic replacement of diminished/lost limbs?
Cosmesis (how well it matches the limb)
neural interfaces (EEG)
- control
- communicating sensory info (electrical signals from muscles)
needs to be a difference between stimulating signal and feedback/sensory signals
level of autonomy
- how autonomous should the robot be
size and weight vs functionality
- cant be too big and bulky
- must be functional
how are socially assistive robots categorised?
Robot and robot devices
v
industrial robots
non industrial robots
v
non-assistive robots
Assistive robots
v
non social assistive robots
social assistive robots
v
SERVICE ROBOTS
COMPANION ROBOTS
what are the types of elderly assistive robots?
Rehabilitation robots
- assistive
- powered wheelchair
Social robots
- service type - practicality - robot vaccum
- companion type - robot dog
What are the problems with medical robots, their need, and what they should be helping with?
Problem: cost/population size and growth trends
Need: personalized medium to long-term care
Part of the solution: human-centred robotics to
improve health outcomes
- Monitoring
- Coaching/training
- Motivation
Companionship/socialization
Robots can be a “force multiplier” for caregivers, reducing
health care costs and improving quality of life
give theoretical applications and pros for using assistive robots in physiotherapy
lifting heavy limbs or people
enjoyable to interact with
less embarrassment for people
only expense is maintenance and electricity, cheaper
