introduction Flashcards
1
Q
study of physical phenomena and follows specific guidelines that make it from other disciplines
A
science
2
Q
study of the structure of the human body
A
human anatom
3
Q
the study of the function of the body
A
physiology
4
Q
testable proposal that seeks to answer a scientific question
A
hypothesis
5
Q
pieces of information, or facts, obtained and later examined to support and or reject the proposed hypothesis.
A
experimental data
6
Q
people of many nation use __ to record quantities such as length, volume, mass, amd time
A
metric system
7
Q
why many people use metric system
A
based on units of tens and conversion to a higher or lower values is relatively easy
8
Q
medical dosages are given frequently in
A
milliliters or cubic centimeters
9
Q
if the quantity measure is much larger and smaller than the base unit, then the base unit can be express in multiples of __
A
10
10
Q
in science, many terms are derived from
A
greek or latin words
11
Q
added to the front of the root word
A
prefix
12
Q
gastric comes from gastro which means _
A
stomach
13
Q
prefix: epi means
A
upon
14
Q
the word epigastric means (in the context of scientific words)
A
top of the stomach
15
Q
prefix: hypo means
A
below
16
Q
hypograstic means (context of scientific word)
A
under the stomach
17
Q
added to the end of the root word
A
suffix
18
Q
suffix: itis means
A
inflammation
19
Q
gastritis means (contect of scientific words)
A
inflammation of the stomach
20
Q
provide a shortened notation of very large or small number
A
scientific notation
21
Q
it is a way ww can write numbers using fewer digits
A
scientific notation
22
Q
what is the neutral pH
A
pH 7
23
Q
pH stands for
A
potential hydrogen
24
Q
it measure the concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution ; measure the acidity or basicity of solution
A
pH
25
a solution that bas low pH and concentration of hydrogen ions is high
acidic
26
solution that has high pH and low concentration of hydrogen ion
basic / alkaline
27
materials that resist change in pH
buffers
28
sharing of electrons
covalent bond
29
transfer of electrons
ionic bond
30
the oppositely charged particles is called
ions / electrolytes
31
the ionic bond is due to the _ between the two ion
electrostatic attraction
32
positively charged ion
cation
33
negativecharged ion
anion
34
gross anatomy
cutting up part or all of the body and examining its details
35
what type of level organization is oxygen
chemical
36
what type of level organization is homo sapiens
organism
37
what type of level organization is the stomach
organs
38
what type of level organization is the digestive system
organ system
39
what type of level organization is golgi apparatus
organelles
40
what type of level organization is the neuron
cellular
41
what type of level organization is nervous
tissue
42
study of particular areas of the body
regional anatomy
43
what organ system is responsible for the maintenance of species
reproductive systems
44
the main organs in the reproductive organ of the female
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
45
the main organs in the reproductive system of male
testes
ductus deferens
glands producing seminal fluid
penis
46
cleanses and returns tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system and
assist the body in protecting itself from foreign organism
lymphatic system
47
lymphatic system consists of
lymphatic vessel
thymus
spleen
tonsils
48
anatomical position
body is upright
facing forward
arms and legs straight
palms facing forward
feet flat on the ground
eyes open
49
it is vital to have a proper orientation when dealing with patients
50
above
superior
51
below
inferior
52
toward the midline
medial
53
toward the side
lateral
54
toward the surface
superficial
55
toward the core
deep
56
front
ventral/ Anterior
57
back
dorsal / posterior
58
for extremities, meaning near the trunk
proximal
59
for extremities, meaning away from the trunk
distal
60
being in the sade side of the body
ipsilateral
61
being on the other side (left side/right side)
contralateral
62
divides the anterior (or ventral) and posterior (or dorsal) portions of the body
frontal / coronal plane
63
vertically divides the body through the midline into two equal left and right portions or halves
midsagittal / sagittal (left and right , not equal)
64
any plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
transverse or horizontal plane
65
cut through the long axis of an organ
longitudinal section
66
cut at right angles to the long axis
Transverse / Cross section
67
the cut is angled
oblique
68
enclosed space inside the body
cavity
69
serves as shock absorber or covering of our organs
cavities
70
2 major cavity
ventral and dorsal cavity
71
ventral cavity : what cavities
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
72
dorsal cavity : what cavity
cranial and spinal cavity
73
separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
74
walls of a cavity
parietal
75
covering of an organ (membrane)
visceral
76
contain heart, thymus gland, lymph and blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and nerves.
mediastinum
77
thoracic can be divided into
mediastinum and pleural cavity
78
contain the heart within the mediastinum
pericardial cavity
79
right and left of the thoracic cavity
pleural cavity
80
contains the lung
pleural cavity
81
fluid in the pleural cavity that lubricates the lungsl
pleural fluid
82
dorsal can be divided into two
cranial and spinal cavity
83
contains the brain
cranial cavity
84
houses the spinal cord
spinal cavity
85
house the reproductive organs, lower part of the large intestine
pelvic cavity
86
house liver, stomach, splee, intestine, kidney
abdominal cavity
87
gatekeeper of the cell
plasma membrane
88
it is selective in what it allows into or out of the call
plasma membrane
89
provide stability to the membrane or make the membrane more fluid
cholesterol
90
two major type of protein found in the membrane
peripheral and integral proteins
91
most inside of the cell
cytoplasm
92
inner fluid portion of the cell
cytosol
93
inner framework of the cell
cytoskeleton
94
small, specialize unit of the cell
organelles
95
is composed of water with dissolve materials
cytosol
96
cytoskeleton consist of _, _, and _, which provide shape, anchor to thr cell, and resistance to gravitational force acting on the cell
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
97
made of protein tubulin
microtubules
98
composed of fibrous protein
intermediate filaments
99
made of actin
microfilaments
100
means small organ
organelles
101
two type of organelles
membranous and non-membranous
102
convert food into atp
mitochondria
103
produce protein for transport and use outside cell
rough er
104
produces lipid compounds, detoxifies material
smooth er
105
recieves material from the ER and other parts and serves as an assembly and packaging organelle
golgi apparatus
106
flattened, membranous sada, forms vesicles tomtransport the molecules it assembles
cisternae
107
house the genetic information and direct many cellular functions
Nucleus
108
bounded by nuclear envelope
nucleus
109
consist of nuclear pore
nuclear envelope
110
allow the movement of materials into and out of the cell
nuclear pore
111
Dna combines to protein producing
chromatin
112
inside the nucleus
nucleolus
113
they make rRNA, which form ribosome
nucleolus
114
digest sub cellular material, transport material out of the cell, and carry on enzymatic activities
vesicles
115
digest material with enzyme in a process of phagocytosis
lysosomes
116
sometimes known as phagocytic vesicles
lysosomes
117
use enzymes to convert potential toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
peroxisomes
118
formed in cell by the metsbolism of fatty acid and amino acids, as well as by the interaction or water with unstable form of oxygen known as oxygen free radicals
hydrogen peroxide
119
cell undergoes growth and duplication of DNA
interphase
120
if cell is not going to divide further are said to be in
G0
121
is regarded as the time when a cell carries our normal cellular function
interphase
122
interphase 3 seprate phase
G1
s phase
G2
123
in this phase cell is growing in size and producing organelles
G1
124
DNA molecule unzips and two identical DNA molecules are reproduce
s phase
125
cell continue to grow and prepare for the process of mitosis
G2
126
distinct nuclear envelope, genetic information is dispersed in the nucleus as chromatin
interphase
127
mitosis is divided into five distinct phase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
trlophase
128
involves the division of genetic information to produce two identical nuclei m
mitosis
129
chromatin condense into compact unit called
chromosomes
130
consist of two chromatid held ar the center by centromere
chromosome
131
thickening of chromosomes
nuckear envelope begins to dissemble
mitotic apparatus become apparent
prophase
132
consist of two asters
mitotic apparatus
133
spindle fibers attach to the centromere
prometaphase
134
chromatic separates at the centromere
spindle fiber attach to the kinetochore and pull daughter chromosomes toward opposite pole
anaphase
135
daughter chromosome begin to unwind into chromatin
nuclear begins to reform
nucleolus reappears
telophase
136
splitting of the cell cytoplasm into two parts
cytokinesis
137
energy of motion and its the driving force of the movement of atoms
kinetic energy
