Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbiology is the field of science that studies _____

A

microorganism/microbes/microscopic organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give six (6) types of microbes

A
  • viruses
  • archaeobacteria
  • eubacteria
  • fungi (not all are minute)
  • algae (not all are minute)
  • protozoa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microbiology derived its name from three Greek words:
____ (‘small’)
_____ (‘life’)
_____ (‘science’)

A

mikros (‘small’)
bios (‘life’)
logia (‘science’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Study of life too small to be seen by unaided eye

A

Mcrobiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Microbes need microscope at <____ mm for us to see them

A

< 0.1 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Using techniques of microbiology

A
  • isolate microorganism
  • study their characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can be eukaryotic, archaeal, or bacterial

A

Microorganism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microorganism can be ____, _____, or _____

A

eukaryotic, archaeal, or bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Lack membrane bound nucleus
  • self replicate
A

prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prokaryotes lack ______

A

membrane bound nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prokaryotes can self ____

A

self replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two (2) microbes under prokaryotes

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Relative size and detection device of atom

A

size: 0.1 nm
detection device: electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

size: 0.1 nm
detection device: elecrton microscope

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Microorganisms typically live in complex____

A

microbial communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two (2) majors in the field of microbiology

A

Basic Microbiology and Applied Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where the fundamental nature and properties of microorganisms are studied

A

Basic Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where information learned from basic microbiology is employed to control and use microorganism in beneficial ways.

A

Applied Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fields in Basic Microbiology

A
  • By organisms
  • By process
  • Disease related
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fields in Applied Microbiology

A
  • Disease related
  • Environmentally related
  • Industrial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contributions of microbes

A

-Keeps us healthy
- Makes air breathable
- Provides new source of medicine
- Helps us digest food
- Keeps our environment clean
- Support and protect crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

He described the fruiting structure of molds in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Robert Hooke described the ______ in 1665

A

fruiting structure of molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

First person to describe microorganism

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

used primitive microscope to observe river water, pepper, infusions, saliva and feces (see minute, moving object which he called animalcules)

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek used primitive microscope to observe river water, pepper, infusions, saliva and feces (see minute, moving object which he called ____)

A

animalcules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

He discovered bacteria in 1676 where he made drawings and reported his observations to the Royal Society of London

A

Anton Van Leewenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

-Trained as botanist
- Founded the field of bacteriology and discovered bacterial endospores of bacillus

A

Ferdinand Cohn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Credited for the use of cotton for closing flasks and tubes

A

Ferdinand Cohn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ferdinand Cohn founded the field of bacteriology and discovered ______

A

bacterial endospores of bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ferdinand Cohn was credited for the use of _____ for closing flasks and tubes

A

cotton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Two (2) schools of thought on the origin of microorganisms

A
  • Abiogeneis
  • Biogenesis
33
Q
  • Life arose from non-living
  • Concept of Spontaneous Generation
  • Started from the Greeks
A
  • Abiogenesis
34
Q

Abiogenesis started from the ____ and was introduced by ____ in 1745

A
  • Greeks
  • John Needham
35
Q

Life arose from life

A

Biogenesis

36
Q

They carried out experiments that refuted spontaneous generation

A
  • Francesco Redi
  • Lazzaro Spallanzani
  • Louis Pasteur
  • John Tyndall
37
Q
  • French chemist
  • disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using his swan-neck flask which was heated to eliminate contamination
A

Louis Pasteur

38
Q

Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using his ________ which was heated to eliminate contamination

A

swan-neck flask

39
Q

process of killing all the bacteria or microorganism in or on objects

A

sterilization

40
Q

occurs when grape juice is allowed to stand and through a series of biochemical changes, alcohol and other substances are produced from grape sugar

A

fermentation

41
Q

contained the desired kind of microbe

A

starter culture

42
Q

preserved the wine by heating it to 50-60 °C

A

Pasteurization

43
Q

applied today in canning and preservation of many foods

A

pasteurization

44
Q

silk industry

A

pasteur

45
Q

anthrax

A

koch

46
Q
  • german physician
  • development of methods for study of bacteria pure culture
A

Robert Koch

47
Q

Koch postulate

A
  1. A specific microorganism should be always associated with a given disease
  2. The microorganism should be isolated and grown in pure culture in the laboratory
  3. The pure culture of of the microorganism should produce the disease when introduced into a susceptible host
  4. It is possible to recover (reisolate) the injected microorganism from the experimentally infected host
47
Q

The test of Koch’s postulate is his discovery of the causative agent of ___

A

tuberculosis

47
Q

a culture containing a single kind (species) of microorganism

A

pure culture

48
Q

-English surgeon
-development of the concept of aseptic technique

A

Joseph Lister

49
Q

Joseph Lister developed the concept of ___ technique

A

aseptic

50
Q
  • Dutch botanist
  • enrichment culture
    -concept of virus
A

Martinus Beijerinck

51
Q

a procedure that greatly improves the possibility of isolating special kinds of microorganisms from soil and water (nutrient and incubation requirements)

A

enrichment culture

52
Q

Martinus Beijerinck concept of virus using selective filter techniques in his studies of ____ ____ virus

A

tobacco mosaic virus

53
Q
  • Russian microbiologist
  • concept of chemolithotrophy
  • made fundamental observations on the role of microorganisms in performing biogeochemical involving sulfur, iron, and their compounds
A

Sergei Winogradsky

54
Q

Sergei Winogradsky made fundamental observations on the role of microorganisms in performing ____ involving sulfur, iron, and their compounds

A

biogeochemical

55
Q

the oxidation of inorganic compounds linked to energy conservation

A

chemolithotrophy

56
Q

chemolithotrophy is the oxidation of ____ linked to energy conservation

A

inorganic compounds

57
Q

She suggested replacing gelatin with agar

A

Angelina Fannie Hesse

58
Q

Agar is a ___ derived from _____

A

polysaccharide ; red seaweeds

59
Q

Proved to be superior gelling agent

A

Agar

60
Q
  • Military physician
  • assistant to R. Koch in the Imperial Health Office (Berlin)
  • developed petri dish from a co-worker
A

Julius Richard Petri

61
Q

Julius Richard Petri developed petri dish from a co-worker named ______

A

Fanny Hesse

62
Q

observed to inhibit microbial growth

A

Aniline dyes

63
Q
  • Discovered by Paul Ehrlich
  • Arsenic compound that inhibited syphilis
A

Salvarsan

64
Q

Salvarsan was discovered by

A

Paul Ehrlich

65
Q

Salvarsan is an ____ compound that inhibited ____

A

arsenic; syphilis

66
Q

-Discovered by Alexander Fleming
-Commercially available in 1939

A

Pencillin

67
Q

Pencillin was discovered y

A

Alexander Fleiming

68
Q

-First sultra drug by Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk
- First drug to be use commercially

A

Prontosil

69
Q

Prontosil is the first sultra drug by

A

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk

70
Q

-Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz
- Second antibiotic

A

Streptomycin

71
Q

Streptomycin was discovered by _____ and ____

A

Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz

72
Q

study of total set of DNA and COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS of the genes of different organisms

A

Genomics

73
Q

study of total set of PROTEINS (protein expression) in cells.

A

Proteomics

74
Q

study of total set of METABOLITES in a cell or tissue or organism

A

Metabolomics

75
Q

Study of total set of RNAs in a cell, tissue, or organism

A

Transcriptomics

76
Q

study of entire genetic material recovered directly from an ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE

A

Metagenomics

Microbiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions