Introduction Flashcards
What is a microprocessor
A multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data and provides results
What consists a typical programmable machine
a microprocessor, a memory and I/O devices
What are the components of a programmable system
Hardware- physical part
Program- set of instructions Software- group of programs
Illustrate a typical programmable system/microcomputer
*See slide 4
Define memory
A memory is a set of finite size registers.
Describe what is a 1K byte memory
The registers are always grouped together in powers of two. For instance, a group of 1024(2^10) 8-bit registers on a semiconductor chip is known as 1K byte memory
What are the components of Microprocessor as a CPU
▶ Registers to store temporary data
▶ The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which performs arithmetic and
logical operations
▶ The instruction decoders, counters and control lines
Illustrate a block diagram
of a microcontroller
*See page 8
Illustrate a microprocessor based system and explain each of its components
*See page 10
▶ Arithmetic Logic Unit: It performs arithmetic operations such addition and subtraction and logic operation such as AND, OR,
and exclusive OR.
▶ Register array: It consists of various registers identified by
letters such as A,B,C,D,E,H and L. These registers are primarily
used to store data temporarily during the execution of a
program and are accessible to the user.
▶ Control unit: The control unit provides the necessary timing
and control signals to all operations in the microcomputer. It also controls the flow of data between the microprocessor and
memory and other peripherals.
The memory can be divide into two categories namely RAM and
ROM.
The system is the communication path between the MPU and
its peripherals
Briefly describe how a microprocessor works assuming there is a program and data already entered in the RAM
When the MPU is given a command to execute the program
which is stored in the memory sequentially
It fetches the first instruction from memory, it decodes it the
executes it.
This process is continued until all the instructions and executed.
Draw the internal architecture of the intel 8085
*See page 26
