Introduction Flashcards
Name the 4 drugs available in the twentieth century
- Digitalis
- Quinine
- Ipecacuanha
- Mercury
Digitalis
- Extracted from foxglove
- stimulates heart muscle
- used to treat heart conditions
Quinine
- extracted from Cinchonaplants
- used to treat malaria
Ipecacuanha
- extracted from cephaelisplants
- used to treat dysentery
Mercury
- Heavy metal
- Used to treat syphilis
What led to the formation of the first pharmaceutical companies
The synthesis of therapeutically useful artifical dyes
Who first synthesised aspirin and when
Bayer in 1895
When did large scale production of insulin commence
1930s
What caused the pharma industry to start to develop in 1930
Discovery and chemical synthesis of the antimicrobial sulpha drugs
Derived from the red dye prontosilrubrum
First use of the term biopharmaceutical
to describe a class of therapeutic proteins produced by biopharmaceutical techniques, specifically via genetic engineering or hybridomatechnology in the case of monoclonal antibodies
Modern day use of the term biopharmaceutical
now encompasses nucelic acid based products and whole-cell based products
Amgen
Founded in 1980s
Thousand oaks, california
focus on novel therapeutics for
- oncology
- inflammation
- bone disease
- neurology
- metabolism
- nephrology
Applied Molecular Genetics
Biogen
- Founded in 1978
- Geneva, Switzerland
- Merged with IDEC pharma in 2003
- Acquired convergence pharma in 2015
- makes interferon based product ‘Avonex’
Genetech
- Founded in 1976 by Herb Boyer & Robert Swanson
- San Fransisco
- Produced first human protein (somatostatin) in 1977 in ecoli
- 1978 developed recombinant human insulin
- Acquired by Roche in 2009
Growth rate of of pharma industry between 2010 and 2020
13.5%
