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Neuro Anatomie > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves.

A

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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2
Q

I Olfactory

A

smell

Sensory

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3
Q

II Optic

A

vision

Sensory

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4
Q

III Oculomotor

A

eye movement and pupil reflex

Motor

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5
Q

IV Trochlear

A

eye movement

Motor

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6
Q

V Trigeminal

A

face sensation and chewing

(Both) sensory and motor

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7
Q

VI Abducens

A

eye movement

Motor

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8
Q

VII Facial

A

face movement and taste

(Both) sensory and motor

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9
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

hearing and balance

Sensory

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10
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

throat sensation, taste and swallowing

(Both) Motor and sensory

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11
Q

X Vagus

A

movement, sensation and abdominal organs

(Both) Motor and sensory

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12
Q

XI Accessory

A

neck movement

Motor

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13
Q

The nervous system is divided into two main parts:

A

CNS
PNS

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14
Q

Gray matter

A

Darker in colour and contain nerve cell bodies.

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15
Q

White matter

A

Lighter in colour and contain nerve cell processes (axons).

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16
Q

CNS includes?

A

Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord

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17
Q

PNS includes?

A

Peripheral Nervous System
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
Ganglia

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18
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what is it divided into?

A

It innervates the body’s involuntary structures (heart, smooth muscle, glands) and is distributed throughout the CNS and PNS.
- Sympathetic NS
- Parasympathetic NS

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19
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

Fight or Flight
Stimulates organ function

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20
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Rest and Digest
Inhibits organ function

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21
Q

What are the primary vesicles?

A
  • Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  • Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  • Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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22
Q

What are the secondary vesicles?

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Midbrain
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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23
Q

Adult derivatives?

A

forebrain
- lamina terminalis
- Interventricular foramen
- Cerebral hemisphere
- Lateral ventricle
- Thalamus
- Third ventricle
- Hypothalamus

midbrain
- Midbrain
- cerebral aqueduct

hindbrain
- Fourth ventricle
- Cerebellum and pons
- Medulla oblongata

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24
Q

What are the different sectional planes?

A

Coronal
Horizontal
Mid-sagittal

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25
Q

The forebrain consist of?

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon

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26
Q

The hindbrain consist of?

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

27
Q

The brainstem consist of?

A

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

28
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

It connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum (white matter).

29
Q

Where is the cerebrum located?

A

It extends from the frontal to occipital bones of the skull, superior to the anterior and middle cranial fossae.

Located above the tentorium cerebelli posteriorly.

30
Q

Gyri

A

Folds on the surface layer

31
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves located between gyri.

32
Q

Fissures

A

deep sulci

33
Q

Location of the pons

A

It is located on the anterior surface of the brainstem, in front of the cerebellum.

34
Q

Location of the Cerebellum

A

Lies in the posterior cranial fossae.
Located posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata.

35
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS.

36
Q

What protects the CNS?

A
  • skull and vertebral column
  • membranes (meninges)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
37
Q

Where is the Medulla Oblongata located?

A

Connects to the pons superiorly and to the spinal cord inferiorly.

38
Q

XII Hypoglossal

A

Movement, sensation and abdominal organs

Motor

39
Q

Functions of the Cranial Nerves?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brians Matter More

40
Q

The neural tube gives rise to the….

A

spinal cord

41
Q

Where is the brain located?

A

In the cranial cavity

42
Q

*Nuclei

A

Collections of neurons

43
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.

44
Q

How is the cerebellum connected?

A
  • Connected to the midbrain via superior cerebellar peduncles
  • Connected to the medulla oblongata via the inferior cerebellar peduncles.
45
Q

*Peduncles

A

large bundles of nerve fibres

46
Q

*Cortex

A

Surface layer
Gray matter
Highly folded (increases surface area)

47
Q

*Sensory Division

A

Conducts sensory info from sense organs to the CNS

48
Q

*Motor division

A

(motor fibres) conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands

49
Q

*Somatic Nervous System

A

Conducts nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles
(voluntary control)

50
Q

Functions of the Brainstem

A

Acts as a relay centre connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.
It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles,
digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing

51
Q

Function of the Cerebellum

A

Coordination and movement related to motor skills, especially involving the hands and feet.
It also helps maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium.

52
Q

Function of the Cerebrum

A

Major processing centre of the brain.
Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving.
Controls voluntary muscle movements.

53
Q

Function of the Diencephalon and the parts of the diencephalon

A

Acts as a primary relay and processing centre for
sensory information and autonomic control
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus

54
Q

Function of Basal ganglia and the parts of it

A

Motor control, motor learning, executive functions, emotional behaviors, reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviors and habit formation
Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

55
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

Higher executive functions, including emotional
regulation, planning, reasoning and problem-solving.
Voluntary movement
(Primary motor cortex)

56
Q

Function of the Parietal lobe

A

Integration of sensory information, including touch,
temperature, pressure and pain.
(Primary sensory cortex)

57
Q

Function of the Temporal lobe

A

Processing sensory information important for hearing, language recognition and the formation of memories.
(Primary auditory cortex)

58
Q

Function of the Occipital lobe

A

The major visual processing centre .
(Primary visual cortex)

59
Q

Function of the Limbic lobe

A

Motivationally driven and emotional behaviors,
memory, homeostatic responses, and sexual
behavior
(With hippocampus and amygdala)

60
Q

Function of the Insular lobe

A

Sensory processing (interoception), motor control,
self-awareness, decision making, homeostasis,
emotions, conscious desires.

61
Q

Where is the CSF located

A

subarachnoid space

62
Q

Location of the 4th ventricle

A

Surrounded by the medulla oblongata, pons and
cerebellum

63
Q

Connections of the 4th ventricle

A

Connected superiorly to the 3rd ventricle via the cerebral
aqueduct
Continuous inferiorly with the central canal of the spinal
cord

64
Q

How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the subarachnoid space

A

via three openings located in the inferior part of the roof:
1x Median aperture (foramen of Magendie)
2x Lateral apertures (foramen of Luscha)

Neuro Anatomie (11 decks)

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