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SS 102 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the human body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how living organisms work/function

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3
Q

Anatomical position is the _________________________ when describing certain anatomical terms, and positions.

A

standard point or reference that is commonly used in human anatomy and physiology

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4
Q

Superior:Inferior

A

Up:Down

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5
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

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6
Q

Medial

A

closer to the midline

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7
Q

anterior:posterior

A

front:back

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8
Q

three planes

A

saggital, coronal and transverse

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9
Q

five regions of the body

A

head, neck, torso, upper extremities, and lower extremities

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10
Q

Proximal

A

nearer the trunk

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11
Q

Distal

A

farther form the trunk

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12
Q

outwards or near the surface

A

Peripheral

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13
Q

near the surface

A

superficial

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14
Q

cavities of the body…

A

contain the internal organs/viscera

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15
Q

two main cavities

A

ventral and dorsal cavities

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16
Q

ventral

A

larger cavity; divided into two parts

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17
Q

two sub-cavities of the ventral cavity

A

abdominopelvic and thoracic

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18
Q

throacic cavity is dived into how many parts

A

three (plural cavity, pericardial cavity with mediastinum, superior mediastinum)

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19
Q

thoracic cavity contains

A

heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, large blood vessels and nerves

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20
Q

surrounds the lungs

A

plural cavity

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21
Q

between the serous membrane; contains the heart

A

pericardial cavity with mediastinum

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22
Q

located above the heart; contains vessels, nerves, thymus, trachea, and the esophagus

A

superior mediastinum

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23
Q

abdominopelvic cavity contains…

A

abdominal and pelvic cavity

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24
Q

cavity where the digestive system is located

A

abdominal cavity

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25
Q

urigenital system and rectum

A

pelvic cavity

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26
Q

what two cavities are separated by the diaphragm

A

thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavity

27
Q

dorsal

A

smaller of the two cavities; cranial and spinal cavity

28
Q

cell

A

basic unit of living organisms

29
Q

cell ->________ -> _______ -> systems

A

tissue;organs

30
Q

organs

A

collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit

31
Q

10 body systems

A

musculoskeletal, integumentary, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic and immune, urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive

32
Q

anabolism

A

smaller to complex substances by the use of energy (build-up process)

33
Q

catabolism

A

breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules (break down process)

34
Q

respond to the changes of the world

A

responsiveness (three types: excitability/irritability, conductivity, contractility/elasticity)

35
Q

all matter is composed of one or more unique pure substances called _________

A

elements

36
Q

atoms

A

subatomic particles

37
Q

molecules

A

chemical building blocks of all body structures

38
Q

organelles

A

small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane

39
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells

40
Q

organ system

A

group of organs that work together

41
Q

organism

A

living being that has a cellular structure and can independently accomplish all physiological features needed for survival

42
Q

body composition

A

18% = Protein
7% = Mineral
15% = Fat
60% = water (fluid)

43
Q

Fluid compartments

A

Extracellular fluids = 1/3 (interstitial fluids and plasma 80:20) and Intracellular fluids = 2/3

44
Q

what does homeostasis mean

A

homos - equal
istemi - to stand

45
Q

ability of an organism to maintain constant internal environment by adjusting to its physiological processes in the face of external variations

A

homeostasis

46
Q

Eukaryotik Cell

A

nucleus surrounded by a membrane that separates the cell into two regions: nucleus and cytoplasm

47
Q

Prokaryotik Cell

A

no membrane around their cell parts or nuclei

48
Q

Plasma membrane

A

covers the cell; regulates the passage of substances; detect chemical messengers; anchor a variety of proteins (EC,IC and proteins)

49
Q

permeability

A

permitting the passage; selectively permeable- will allow only some substances

50
Q

cytoskeleton

A

maintain the shape of the cell; anchors organelles in place

51
Q

nucleus

A

biggest part of the cell; controls growth

52
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid found inside; helps bring down waste

53
Q

ribosomes

A

protein production machine

54
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell

55
Q

glycolisis

A

anaerobic metabolism

56
Q

krebs cycle

A

aerobic metabolism

57
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

rough ER- w/ ribosomes smooth ER- without ribosomes

58
Q

lysosomes

A

“suicide sacs” - breakdown excess or worn out parts

59
Q

mitosis

A

division of cells; 46 chromosomes

60
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

61
Q

meiosis

A

division of cells; 23 chromosomes

62
Q

simple diffusion

A

high -> low concentrations result of thermal motion

63
Q

simple diffusion is dependent on…

A

concentration diff., temp, molecular mass, lipid solubility

SS 102 (2 decks)

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