Introduction

Question 1

Behaviorism vs. cognitive model

Answer 1

• Behaviorism: stimulus -> “blackbox” -> response
• Cognitive: you CAN study the mental processes involved (MEDIATIONAL PROCESS)

Question 2

Chomsky

Answer 2

• Language is inherently generative
• Criticism of behaviorist model: children don’t need to hear every word in a language to be able to form sentences on their own
• Overgeneralization (grammar rules)

Question 3

Tolman

Answer 3

• Rats learned to navigate a maze even in the absence of a reward

Question 4

Burner

Answer 4

• Coin estimation with rich and poor kids
• Poorer kids overestimated the size of a coin due to their perception of the value of money
• No one taught them so, it just demonstrates their thinking

Question 5

Miller

Answer 5

• Memory: “magic number 7, plus or minus 2”

Question 6

Turing test

Answer 6

• Computer could be considered “intelligent” if a person “conversing” with it could not tell whether they are human

Question 7

Cognitive psychology, cognitive nueropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, computational cognitive science

Answer 7

• Cogpsych: top-down vs. bottom-up processing; questionable ecological validity, possibly paradigm-specific
• Cogneuropsych: observe patients with abnormal brain structure or disease
• Cogneuro: use machinery to observe brain activity and converge evidence from the brain and observable behavior (can make causal inferences BUT may lead to false positives, such as in dead salmon)
• Computational cogsci: attempting to model human behavior/cognition exactly as it occurs in our brains (explains but doesn’t predict; hard to emulate emotions)