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OSOMOP > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is oral surgery?

A

Treatment and ongoing management of irregularities and pathology of the jaw and mouth that require surgical intervention

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2
Q

Describe what oral surgery is likely to involve?

A
  • Lumps and bumps
  • Ulcers
  • Red or white patches
  • Cysts
  • Pain
  • Difficult extractions
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3
Q

What is oral medicine?

A

Diagnosis and non-surgical management of chronic, recurrent and medically-related disorders of the oral maxillofacial region

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4
Q

Name 3 main types of disease oral medicine can involve

A
  1. Mucosal disease
  2. Salivary gland disease
  3. Non-dental causes of orofacial pain
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5
Q

Describe the process of a history taking and treatment plan

A
  • Referred by and why
  • Complaining of
  • History of presenting complaint
  • PMH
  • PDH
  • SH
  • Extra-oral examination
  • Intra-oral examination
  • Provisional diagnosis
  • Special investigations
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment plan
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6
Q

What acronym would be used to take a PHC?

A

SOCRATES

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7
Q

Why is it important to gauge severity of conditions?

A

It may impact on treatment

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8
Q

Describe 2 ways to gauge the severity of a patient’s condition

A
  1. Generally the more medication the more severe the condition
  2. Recent or repetitive hospital admission suggests increased severity
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9
Q

Describe the questions you may ask a patient who suffers from angina

A
  • Have you ever had a heart attack?
  • How often do you get angina?
  • Does angina come on at rest or with exertion?
  • It is usually easily controlled by medication?
  • Have you had stents or bypass surgery?
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10
Q

Describe the questions you may ask a patient who suffers from diabetes

A
  • How is it controlled?
  • Is it well controlled / Do you have hypos?
  • Do you check sugars normally / What are they?
  • Have you eaten and taken normal medication today?
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11
Q

Describe what to look for in extra-oral examination

A
  • Demeanour, colour and facial asymmetry in patient
  • Examination of the nodes
  • Examination of the TMJs
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12
Q

Describe how to palpate lymph nodes on extra-oral clinical examination

A
  • Ask patient to turn head to contralateral side and palpate below SCM
  • May be useful to have patient tip chin forward slightly in submandibular or submental region
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13
Q

Describe the extra-oral clinical examination of the TMJs

A
  • Palpate
  • Not any tenderness, clicks or grinding
  • Look for deviation or limitation on opening
  • If limited opening, measure and document
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14
Q

Describe the soft tissues to examine during an intra-oral examination

A
  • Lips
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Hard and soft palates
  • Retromolar pads
  • Tuberosities
  • Gingivae
  • Tongue
  • Floor of the mouth
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15
Q

Describe the intra-oral examination of the dentition

A
  • General condition
  • Any caries present
  • Fractured teeth
  • Mobility
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16
Q

How can a lesion / ulcer be described upon examination?

A
  • Anatomical location
  • Size
  • Colour
  • Single / multiple
  • Unilateral / bilateral
  • Consistency (hard, firm, soft, fluctuant)
  • Margins (regular or irregular)
  • Homogenous or heterogenous
  • Discrete
  • Base (only for ulcer)
17
Q

Describe how the colour of ulcers may change

A

Yellow base indicates fibrous base which is healing whereas red and granular is an ulcer which is not healing up

18
Q

Name 4 examples of special investigations which may confirm or refute a provisional diagnosis

A
  1. Radiographs
  2. Vitality tests
  3. CT / CBCT scans
  4. Ultrasound
19
Q

Describe the pneumonic which may act as a surgical sieve and give an idea of what condition is present

A 
V - Vascular
I - Inflammatory
T - Traumatic
A - Autoimmune
M - Metabolic
I - Iatrogenic
N - Neoplastic
20
Q

Name 5 main causes of orofacial pain

A
  1. Local
  2. Vascular
  3. Referred
  4. Neurological
  5. Psychogenic
21
Q

Give 4 examples of local orofacial pain

A
  1. Dental
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Nose
  4. TMJs
22
Q

Give 2 examples of vascular orofacial pain

A
  1. Migraine

2. Giant cell arteritis

23
Q

Name 4 examples of referred orofacial pain

A
  1. Sinus
  2. Ears
  3. Eyes
  4. Neck
24
Q

Name 4 examples of neurological orofacial pain

A
  1. Trigeminal neuralgia
  2. Post herpetic neuralgia
  3. MS
  4. Neoplasms
25
Q

Give 3 examples of psychogenic orofacial pain

A
  1. Atypical facial pain
  2. Atypical odontalgia
  3. Burning mouth syndrome
26
Q

Describe 3 conditions which may lead to dental orofacial pain

A
  1. Pulpitis
  2. Periapical Periodontitis
  3. Dentoalveolar Abscess
27
Q

What is pulpitis?

A

Reversible or irreversible inflammation of the pulp secondary to trauma (physical or chemical) or infection (caries)

28
Q

What is periapical periodontitis?

A

Inflammation of the periodontal membrane secondary to trauma (high restoration / blunt trauma) or infection (caries extending into pulp causing pulpal necrosis, which can progress to dentoalveolar abscess

29
Q

What is a dentoalveolar abscess?

A

A circumscribed area of dead / dying host inflammatory cells and dead / dying bacterial cells associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth

30
Q

What is the major difference between reversible and irreversible pulpitis?

A

Reversible pulpitis is usually only enamel caries whereas irreversible tends to be dentine caries

31
Q

Describe the site, onset, duration and night waking involved with reversible pulpitis

A

Site - Unspecific
Onset - Hot / Cold stimuli
Duration - A few seconds
Night waking - No

32
Q

Describe the site, onset, duration and night waking involved with irreversible pulpitis

A

Site - Unspecific
Onset - Spontaneous or Hot / Cold Stimuli
Duration - Last hours / Constantly
Night waking - Yes

33
Q

Describe the site, onset, duration and night waking involved with infective periapical periodontitis

A

Site - Localised
Onset - Pain on biting / Pressure
Duration - Last hours / Constant
Night Waking - Yes

34
Q

Describe the site, onset, duration and night waking involved with traumatic periapical periodontitis

A

Site - Localised
Onset - Pain on biting / pressure
Duration - Last hours / Constant
Night Waking - No

35
Q

Why does pulpitis tend to be an unspecific pain?

A

Proprioceptors are found in the periodontal ligament so without the ligament’s involvement, it is hard to localise pain

36
Q

What may influence night waking for traumatic periapical periodontitis?

A

A patient with a clenching habit may bite / put pressure on their teeth during the night so will awaken

OSOMOP (14 decks)

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