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Anatomy And Physiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMY

A

is the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

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2
Q

anatomy means

A

to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.

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3
Q

Two basic approaches to the study of anatomy are

A

systemic anatomy and regional anatomy.

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4
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

is the study of the body by systems

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5
Q

Regional anatomy

A

is the study of the organization of the body by areas

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6
Q

two general ways to examine the internal structures

A

surface anatomy and anatomical imaging.

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7
Q

Surface anatomy

A

is the study of external features

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8
Q

Anatomical imaging

A

involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

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9
Q

are subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels.

A

cellular physiology and systemic physiology

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10
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, liver and gallbladder

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11
Q

Anterior / ventral

A

means toward the front

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12
Q

means toward the front

A

is the scientific discipline that inves- tigates the structure of the body

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13
Q

Body cavities

A

The different vital internal organs of the body are protected inside the body cavity called body cavities

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14
Q

Body regions

A

The principal body regions are the head neck trunk upper extremities and lower extremities

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15
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays
a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

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16
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Also known as the cranium, houses the brain

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17
Q

Development

A

the changes an organism undergoes through time.

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18
Q

Difference between Growth and Development

A

Growth refers to an increase in size evident through physical change. On the other hand, development refers to a process of gradual transformation

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19
Q

Digestion

A

the process of breaking down complex ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood and utilized by the body

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20
Q

Digestive System

A

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

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21
Q

Distal

A

Means away from the main mass of the body

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22
Q

Endocrine System

A

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of endocrine glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.

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23
Q

Excretion

A

they can excrete toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and excess substances (note that excretion is not the same as egestion).

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24
Q

External or superficial

A

Means toward the surface of the body

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25
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures

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26
Q

Growth

A

they can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the number or size of their cells.

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27
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is the bodies ability to maintain stable internal condition with narrow range of values despite the constant change of the environment or the internal environment

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28
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms

A

such as sweating or shivering, normally maintain body temperature near an average normal value, or set point

29
Q

Human physiology

A

is the study of a specific organism,

30
Q

Inferior / Caudal

A

means away from the head or toward the bottom

31
Q

Integumentary System

A

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

32
Q

Internal or deep

A

Means away from the surface of the body

33
Q

Lateral

A

Means toward the side of the body

34
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

35
Q

major goals for studying physiology

A

1) to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and (2) to understand how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.

36
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Produces and transfers sperm cells to
the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.

37
Q

Medial

A

Means toward the midline of the body

38
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Is the part of the brain stem that is associated with vital life like respiration and circulation

39
Q

Metabolism

A

is the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.

40
Q

Movement

A

they can move and change their position.

41
Q

Muscular System

A

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

42
Q

negative-feedback mechanisms

A
  • negative means “to decrease

- Most systems of the body are regulated

43
Q

Negative feedback

A

is when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.

44
Q

Nervous System

A

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

45
Q

Organization

A

refers to the specific relationship of

the many individual parts of an organism, from cell organelles to organs, interacting and working together.

46
Q

Parietal

A

Relates to the walls

47
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

houses the bladder and organs of the reproductive system

48
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains the heart

49
Q

PHYSIOLOGY

A

is the scientific dis- cipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.

50
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Regulates the function of other glands and thereby a persons growth maturation and reproduction

51
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Houses the lungs

52
Q

Positive-feedback mechanisms

A

occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.

53
Q

Posterior / Dorsal

A

Means toward the back

54
Q

Proximal

A

Means toward the main mass of the body

55
Q

Reproduction

A

they can make more of the same kind of organism as themselves.

56
Q

Respiration

A

they can create chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.

57
Q

Respiratory System

A

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.

58
Q

Responsiveness

A

is the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life

59
Q

Reticular formation

A

A group of nerve cells or nuclei that form a large network connected tissues, Controls vital reflexes like cardiovascular function and respiration

60
Q

six levels of organization of the body

A 
Chemical Level
Cell Level
Tissue Level 
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism level
61
Q

Skeletal System

A

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

62
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Contains the spinal cord

63
Q

Superior / Cranial

A

toward the top / or toward the head.

64
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains the heart and the lungs

65
Q

Urinary System

A

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ureters.

66
Q

Visceral

A

Relates to internal organ

67
Q

Diffusion

A

Is a process of passive transport in which molecules move from an are of high concentration to one of lower concentration

68
Q

Osmosis

A

Is when solvent molecules moves from an area of low solute concentration to an are of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Anatomy And Physiology (5 decks)

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