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Anatomy And Physiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMY

A

is the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

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2
Q

anatomy means

A

to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.

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3
Q

Two basic approaches to the study of anatomy are

A

systemic anatomy and regional anatomy.

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4
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

is the study of the body by systems

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5
Q

Regional anatomy

A

is the study of the organization of the body by areas

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6
Q

two general ways to examine the internal structures

A

surface anatomy and anatomical imaging.

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7
Q

Surface anatomy

A

is the study of external features

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8
Q

Anatomical imaging

A

involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

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9
Q

are subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels.

A

cellular physiology and systemic physiology

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10
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, liver and gallbladder

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11
Q

Anterior / ventral

A

means toward the front

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12
Q

means toward the front

A

is the scientific discipline that inves- tigates the structure of the body

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13
Q

Body cavities

A

The different vital internal organs of the body are protected inside the body cavity called body cavities

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14
Q

Body regions

A

The principal body regions are the head neck trunk upper extremities and lower extremities

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15
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays
a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

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16
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Also known as the cranium, houses the brain

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17
Q

Development

A

the changes an organism undergoes through time.

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18
Q

Difference between Growth and Development

A

Growth refers to an increase in size evident through physical change. On the other hand, development refers to a process of gradual transformation

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19
Q

Digestion

A

the process of breaking down complex ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood and utilized by the body

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20
Q

Digestive System

A

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

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21
Q

Distal

A

Means away from the main mass of the body

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22
Q

Endocrine System

A

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of endocrine glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.

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23
Q

Excretion

A

they can excrete toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and excess substances (note that excretion is not the same as egestion).

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24
Q

External or superficial

A

Means toward the surface of the body

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25
Female Reproductive System
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures
26
Growth
they can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the number or size of their cells.
27
Homeostasis
Is the bodies ability to maintain stable internal condition with narrow range of values despite the constant change of the environment or the internal environment
28
Homeostatic mechanisms
such as sweating or shivering, normally maintain body temperature near an average normal value, or set point
29
Human physiology
is the study of a specific organism,
30
Inferior / Caudal
means away from the head or toward the bottom
31
Integumentary System
Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
32
Internal or deep
Means away from the surface of the body
33
Lateral
Means toward the side of the body
34
Lymphatic System
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.
35
major goals for studying physiology
1) to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and (2) to understand how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.
36
Male Reproductive System
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.
37
Medial
Means toward the midline of the body
38
Medulla oblongata
Is the part of the brain stem that is associated with vital life like respiration and circulation
39
Metabolism
is the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
40
Movement
they can move and change their position.
41
Muscular System
Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
42
negative-feedback mechanisms
- negative means “to decrease | - Most systems of the body are regulated
43
Negative feedback
is when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.
44
Nervous System
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
45
Organization
refers to the specific relationship of | the many individual parts of an organism, from cell organelles to organs, interacting and working together.
46
Parietal
Relates to the walls
47
Pelvic cavity
houses the bladder and organs of the reproductive system
48
Pericardial cavity
Contains the heart
49
PHYSIOLOGY
is the scientific dis- cipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.
50
Pituitary gland
Regulates the function of other glands and thereby a persons growth maturation and reproduction
51
Pleural cavity
Houses the lungs
52
Positive-feedback mechanisms
occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.
53
Posterior / Dorsal
Means toward the back
54
Proximal
Means toward the main mass of the body
55
Reproduction
they can make more of the same kind of organism as themselves.
56
Respiration
they can create chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.
57
Respiratory System
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.
58
Responsiveness
is the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life
59
Reticular formation
A group of nerve cells or nuclei that form a large network connected tissues, Controls vital reflexes like cardiovascular function and respiration
60
six levels of organization of the body
``` Chemical Level Cell Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organism level ```
61
Skeletal System
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
62
Spinal cavity
Contains the spinal cord
63
Superior / Cranial
toward the top / or toward the head.
64
Thoracic cavity
Contains the heart and the lungs
65
Urinary System
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ureters.
66
Visceral
Relates to internal organ
67
Diffusion
Is a process of passive transport in which molecules move from an are of high concentration to one of lower concentration
68
Osmosis
Is when solvent molecules moves from an area of low solute concentration to an are of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Anatomy And Physiology (5 decks)

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