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INTRO TO VIRUSES Flashcards

1
Q

complete infective virus particle that consist of RNA and DNA; may be identical to the nucleocapsid; more complex virions include the nucleocapsid + envelope

A

VIRION

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2
Q

smallest infectious agents causing disease in plants

A

VIROIDS

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3
Q

protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid core

A

CAPSID

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4
Q

the capsid together with the enclosed nucleic acid

A

NUCLEOCAPSID

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5
Q

morphologic units seen on the surfaces of icosahedral virus particles; represent clusters of structure units

A

CAPSOMERES

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6
Q

outer coat some viruses acquire as they penetrate or are budded from the nuclear or cytoplasmic membrane; always contain altered host-cell membrane components

A

ENVELOPE

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7
Q

morphologic units composed of structural units embedded in the envelope

A

PEPLOMERS

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8
Q

general term to describe situations where mixed infections result in enhanced yields of one or both viruses in the mixture

A

COMPLEMENTATION

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9
Q

viruses that infect bacterial cells

A

BACTERIOPHAGES

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10
Q

the mechanism by which a particular base sequence in messenger RNA produces a specific amino acid sequence in a protein

A

TRANSLATION

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11
Q

the means by which specific information encoded in a nucleic acid chain is transferred to messenger RNA

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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12
Q

required by certain defective closely related viruses to replicate

A

HELPER VIRUS

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13
Q

functionally deficient particles in some aspect of replication and may interfere with the replication of normal viruses

A

DEFECTIVE VIRUS

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14
Q

viruses that cannot reproduce from their own nucleic acid and virions are non-infectious; require a helper virus for transmission and multiplication

A

SATELLITE VIRUSES

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15
Q

True or False : Early bacteriologists believed that all contagious and infectious diseases were caused by bacteria

A

TRUE

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16
Q

The first known virus______ ;

crystallized in ______ ;

viewed in electron microscope ______

A

TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1935

1939

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17
Q

applied the filtration criteria to a disease in cattle that later would be known as foot and mouth disease

A

LOEFFLER AND FROSCH (1898)

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18
Q

described bacteriophages that parasitized bacterial cells causing them to swell and burst

A

D’ HERELLE (1922)

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19
Q

Identification of tabacco mosaic virus as filterable agent

A

INVESTIGATOR: IVANOFSKY

YEAR: 1892

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20
Q

Foot and mouth disease caused by filterable agent

A

INVESTIGATOR: LOEFFLER & FROSCH

YEAR: 1898

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21
Q

Myxoma virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: SANARELLI

YEAR: 1898

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22
Q

fowl plague virus (avian influenza virus)

A

INVESTIGATOR: CETANNI , LODE , & GRUBER

YEAR: 1901

23
Q

Rinderpest virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: NICOLLE & ADIL-BEY

YEAR: 1902

24
Q

psuedorabies virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: AUJESZKY

YEAR: 1902

25
rabies virus
INVESTIGATOR: REMLINGER & RIFFAT-BAY YEAR: 1903
26
Canine distemper virus
INVESTIGATOR: CARRÉ YEAR: 1905
27
rous sarcoma virus - first tumor virus
INVESTIGATOR: ROUS YEAR: 1911
28
new castle disease virus
INVESTIGATOR: DOYLE YEAR: 1927
29
first electron microscopy pictures -TMV
INVESTIGATOR: KAUSCHE, ANKUCH & RUSKA YEAR:1938
30
culture of isolated mammalian cells
INVESTIGATOR: SANFORD, EARLE & LIKELY YEAR: 1948
31
first isolation of avian influenza virus from wild bird reservoir
INVESTIGATOR: BECKER YEAR: 1961
32
Canine distemper virus
INVESTIGATOR: CARRÉ YEAR: 1905
33
declares smallpox eredicated
INVESTIGATOR: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YEAR: 1979
34
severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak
INVESTIGATOR: - YEAR: 2002
35
development of molecular tools and computer software for "next generation sequencing" and metagenomic analyses
INVESTIGATOR: - YEAR: 2008
36
declaration of the global eradication of rinderpest
INVESTIGATOR: WORLD ORGANISATION OF ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE) YEAR: 2011
37
recognition of Middle East respiratory syndrome (coronaviridae)
INVESTIGATOR: - YEAR: 2012
38
reemergence of Ebola in Werst Africa
INVESTIGATOR: - YEAR: 2014
39
*filterable agents that could not be cultivated on artifical media. * all viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. * however, all obligate intracellular parasites are not viruses. *unable to replicate outside a host cell. they are unique bacteria that don't grow in agar & media
*characteristic of viruses *EHRLICHIA ANAPLASMA LEGIONELLA RICKETTSIA
40
viruses are inert particles
OUTSIDE LIVING CELLS
41
viruses utilize host cell processes to produce its protein and nucleic acid to replicate itself
INSIDE THE CELLS
42
enzyme that converts RNA into DNA
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
43
the major type of protein present on the exterior of the membrane of enveloped viruses
GLYCOPROTEINS
44
These are presence of lipid envelope that they are separate viruses into 2 distinct classes:
1. ENVELOPED - Inactivated in organic solvents. 2. NON-ENVELOPED - Resistant to organic solvents.
45
The two main classification systems. No abbreviation with date.
1. ICTV - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 1966. 2. Baltimore classification system
46
What are the ICTV (International committee on Taxonomy Of Viruses) classification system?
Order Virales Family Viridae Sub-Family Virinae Genus Virus Species -
47
Size of animal RNA viral genomes ranges?
<2kb (Deltavirus) to >30kb (Coronaviridae)
48
Major distinction wether the Virion RNA is:
POSITIVE SENSE or Polarity *same sense as mRNA *directly capable of translation to protein NEGATIVE SENSE or POLARITY * genomic nucleotide sequence is complementary to the mRNA. *requires transcription of the genome to generate mRNA equivalents.
49
Give the two within negative-strand group.
Single-strand whole-genome viruses Segmented genome viruses
50
Considered diploid Contains two whole-genomic positive sence RNAs Use reverse transcriptase to create a DNA copy of their RNA genome
RETROVIRIDAE
51
Overall structure of genome is less complex. Either single molecule or double stranded.
DNA Viruses
52
What are the Baltimore classification system?
Genome Group I dsDNA Poxviridae Asfarviridae Iridoviridae Herpesviridae Adenoviridae Paillomaviridae Polyomaviridae Group II ssDNA Parvoviridae Circoviridae Group III dsRNA Reoridae Group IV +ssRNA Coronaviridae Arteriviridae Picornaviridae Caliciviridae Astroviridae Togaviridae Flaviviridae Group V -ssRNA Paramyxoviridae Rhabdoviridae Filoviridae Bornaviridae Orthomyxoviridae Bunyaviridae Arenaviridae Group VI +ssRNA (RT) Retroviridae Group VII dsDNA (RT) Hepadnaviridae
53
What are the replication of viruser (in order)
Virus attaches to a host cell (attaches) Enter the cells (enter) Inatct Virus particle ceases to exist (uncoating) Viral genome directs the production of new viral macromolecules Assembly and appearance of new progeny virus particles

VIROLOGY (3 decks)

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