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VIROLOGY > INTRO TO VIRUSES > Flashcards

INTRO TO VIRUSES Flashcards

1
Q

complete infective virus particle that consist of RNA and DNA; may be identical to the nucleocapsid; more complex virions include the nucleocapsid + envelope

A

VIRION

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2
Q

smallest infectious agents causing disease in plants

A

VIROIDS

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3
Q

protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid core

A

CAPSID

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4
Q

the capsid together with the enclosed nucleic acid

A

NUCLEOCAPSID

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5
Q

morphologic units seen on the surfaces of icosahedral virus particles; represent clusters of structure units

A

CAPSOMERES

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6
Q

outer coat some viruses acquire as they penetrate or are budded from the nuclear or cytoplasmic membrane; always contain altered host-cell membrane components

A

ENVELOPE

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7
Q

morphologic units composed of structural units embedded in the envelope

A

PEPLOMERS

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8
Q

general term to describe situations where mixed infections result in enhanced yields of one or both viruses in the mixture

A

COMPLEMENTATION

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9
Q

viruses that infect bacterial cells

A

BACTERIOPHAGES

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10
Q

the mechanism by which a particular base sequence in messenger RNA produces a specific amino acid sequence in a protein

A

TRANSLATION

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11
Q

the means by which specific information encoded in a nucleic acid chain is transferred to messenger RNA

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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12
Q

required by certain defective closely related viruses to replicate

A

HELPER VIRUS

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13
Q

functionally deficient particles in some aspect of replication and may interfere with the replication of normal viruses

A

DEFECTIVE VIRUS

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14
Q

viruses that cannot reproduce from their own nucleic acid and virions are non-infectious; require a helper virus for transmission and multiplication

A

SATELLITE VIRUSES

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15
Q

True or False : Early bacteriologists believed that all contagious and infectious diseases were caused by bacteria

A

TRUE

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16
Q

The first known virus______ ;

crystallized in ______ ;

viewed in electron microscope ______

A

TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1935

1939

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17
Q

applied the filtration criteria to a disease in cattle that later would be known as foot and mouth disease

A

LOEFFLER AND FROSCH (1898)

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18
Q

described bacteriophages that parasitized bacterial cells causing them to swell and burst

A

D’ HERELLE (1922)

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19
Q

Identification of tabacco mosaic virus as filterable agent

A

INVESTIGATOR: IVANOFSKY

YEAR: 1892

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20
Q

Foot and mouth disease caused by filterable agent

A

INVESTIGATOR: LOEFFLER & FROSCH

YEAR: 1898

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21
Q

Myxoma virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: SANARELLI

YEAR: 1898

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22
Q

fowl plague virus (avian influenza virus)

A

INVESTIGATOR: CETANNI , LODE , & GRUBER

YEAR: 1901

23
Q

Rinderpest virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: NICOLLE & ADIL-BEY

YEAR: 1902

24
Q

psuedorabies virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: AUJESZKY

YEAR: 1902

25
Q

rabies virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: REMLINGER & RIFFAT-BAY

YEAR: 1903

26
Q

Canine distemper virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: CARRÉ

YEAR: 1905

27
Q

rous sarcoma virus - first tumor virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: ROUS

YEAR: 1911

28
Q

new castle disease virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: DOYLE

YEAR: 1927

29
Q

first electron microscopy pictures -TMV

A

INVESTIGATOR: KAUSCHE, ANKUCH & RUSKA

YEAR:1938

30
Q

culture of isolated mammalian cells

A

INVESTIGATOR: SANFORD, EARLE & LIKELY

YEAR: 1948

31
Q

first isolation of avian influenza virus from wild bird reservoir

A

INVESTIGATOR: BECKER

YEAR: 1961

32
Q

Canine distemper virus

A

INVESTIGATOR: CARRÉ

YEAR: 1905

33
Q

declares smallpox eredicated

A

INVESTIGATOR: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

YEAR: 1979

34
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak

A

INVESTIGATOR: -

YEAR: 2002

35
Q

development of molecular tools and computer software for “next generation sequencing” and metagenomic analyses

A

INVESTIGATOR: -

YEAR: 2008

36
Q

declaration of the global eradication of rinderpest

A

INVESTIGATOR: WORLD ORGANISATION OF ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE)

YEAR: 2011

37
Q

recognition of Middle East respiratory syndrome (coronaviridae)

A

INVESTIGATOR: -

YEAR: 2012

38
Q

reemergence of Ebola in Werst Africa

A

INVESTIGATOR: -

YEAR: 2014

39
Q

*filterable agents that could not be cultivated on artifical media.

  • all viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
  • however, all obligate intracellular parasites are not viruses.

*unable to replicate outside a host cell.
they are unique bacteria that don’t grow in agar & media

A

*characteristic of viruses

*EHRLICHIA
ANAPLASMA
LEGIONELLA
RICKETTSIA

40
Q

viruses are inert particles

A

OUTSIDE LIVING CELLS

41
Q

viruses utilize host cell processes to produce its protein and nucleic acid to replicate itself

A

INSIDE THE CELLS

42
Q

enzyme that converts RNA into DNA

A

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

43
Q

the major type of protein present on the exterior of the membrane of enveloped viruses

A

GLYCOPROTEINS

44
Q

These are presence of lipid envelope that they are separate viruses into 2 distinct classes:

A
  1. ENVELOPED - Inactivated in organic solvents.
  2. NON-ENVELOPED - Resistant to organic solvents.
45
Q

The two main classification systems.

No abbreviation with date.

A
  1. ICTV - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
    1966.
  2. Baltimore classification system
46
Q

What are the ICTV (International committee on Taxonomy Of Viruses) classification system?

A

Order Virales
Family Viridae
Sub-Family Virinae
Genus Virus
Species -

47
Q

Size of animal RNA viral genomes ranges?

A

<2kb (Deltavirus) to
>30kb (Coronaviridae)

48
Q

Major distinction wether the Virion RNA is:

A

POSITIVE SENSE or Polarity
*same sense as mRNA
*directly capable of translation to protein

NEGATIVE SENSE or POLARITY
* genomic nucleotide sequence is complementary to the mRNA.
*requires transcription of the genome to generate mRNA equivalents.

49
Q

Give the two within negative-strand group.

A

Single-strand whole-genome viruses

Segmented genome viruses

50
Q

Considered diploid
Contains two whole-genomic positive sence RNAs
Use reverse transcriptase to create a DNA copy of their RNA genome

A

RETROVIRIDAE

51
Q

Overall structure of genome is less complex.
Either single molecule or double stranded.

A

DNA Viruses

52
Q

What are the Baltimore classification system?

A

Genome
Group I dsDNA
Poxviridae
Asfarviridae
Iridoviridae
Herpesviridae
Adenoviridae
Paillomaviridae
Polyomaviridae

Group II ssDNA
Parvoviridae
Circoviridae

Group III dsRNA
Reoridae

Group IV +ssRNA
Coronaviridae
Arteriviridae
Picornaviridae
Caliciviridae
Astroviridae
Togaviridae
Flaviviridae

Group V -ssRNA
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Bornaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Arenaviridae

Group VI +ssRNA (RT)
Retroviridae

Group VII dsDNA (RT)
Hepadnaviridae

53
Q

What are the replication of viruser (in order)

A

Virus attaches to a host cell (attaches)

Enter the cells (enter)

Inatct Virus particle ceases to exist (uncoating)

Viral genome directs the production of new viral macromolecules

Assembly and appearance of new progeny virus particles

VIROLOGY (3 decks)

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