Intro to Urinary

Question 1

what stimulant of RBC production from bone marrow do the kidneys produce

Answer 1

erythropoietin

Question 2

level of kidneys

Answer 2

T12-L3

Question 3

what is notable about kidney surgery

Answer 3

you go in from the back

Question 4

what 3 nerves do you need to watch out for in kidney operations

Answer 4

subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 5

what is a papilla

Answer 5

end point of medullary pyramid

Question 6

constrictions of ureter

Answer 6

1. renal pelvis (passing over renal pole)
2. crossing external iliac vessels and pelvic brim
3. ureter passing through bladder wall

*possible constriction as ureter passes behind vas deferens/uterine artery

Question 7

order of renal hilum vessels from ant to post

Answer 7

vein –> artery –> pelvis

VAP

Question 8

kidney surfaces visible from anterior

Answer 8

apical, anterosuperior, anteroinferior and inferior

Question 9

kidney surfaces visible from posterior

Answer 9

apical, posterior and inferior

Question 10

branches of interlobular artery which pass across circumference of lobule and give of afferent arterioles for glomeruli

Answer 10

arcuate artery

Question 11

lymph drainage of kidneys

Answer 11

lateral/para-aortic

Question 12

renal plexus roots

Answer 12

symp: T10-L1
sensory: T11-L2

Question 13

how can the bladder be used to improve uterine scans

Answer 13

give them lots of water to drink –> bladder fills up –> pulls up uterus with it

Question 14

what is recto-uterine recess

Answer 14

pouch of peritoneum between uterus and rectum where fluid or whatever will pool. Can be sampled for cytology by going in through the vagina

Question 15

4 parts of male urethra

Answer 15

intramural (preprostatic), prostatic, intermediate (membranous) and spongy (penile)

Question 16

which part of the male urethra is narrowest

Answer 16

membranous

Question 17

what part of the male urethra is longest

Answer 17

penile

Question 18

where does the bladder’s blood supply come from

Answer 18

branches of internal iliac artery

Question 19

where does the bladder blood supply drain

Answer 19

internal iliac veins

Question 20

lymphatics of bladder

Answer 20

external (suprapubic part) and internal (infrapubic part) iliac lymph nodes

Question 21

symp innervation of bladder

Answer 21

T11-L2

Question 22

parasympathetic innervation of bladder

Answer 22

S2,3,4

Question 23

action of sympathetic on bladder

Answer 23

constricts the internal urethral sphincter (stressed, not peeing)

Question 24

action of parasympathetic on bladder

Answer 24

motor action of detrusor muscle

Question 25

what is the detrusor muscle

Answer 25

smooth muscle of the bladder wall, contracts to expel urine

Question 26

innervation of external urethral sphincter

Answer 26

pudendal nerve (voluntary). roots in S2,3,4

Question 27

structure that lies inferior and posterior to bladder in males

Answer 27

seminal vesicle

Question 28

function of seminal vesicle

Answer 28

secretes 60% of fluid that makes up semen

Question 29

tube that seminal vesicle joins up with

Answer 29

vas deferens

Question 30

what innervation will prevent urine being expelled during ejaculation

Answer 30

sympathetic (T11-L2)

Question 31

functional unit of kidney

Answer 31

nephron

Question 32

nephron and collecting duct make a…

Answer 32

uriniferous tubule

Question 33

tubule that drains into collecting tubule

Answer 33

distal convoluted tubule

Question 34

parts of nephron that are in the medullary pyramid

Answer 34

collecting tubule and loop of henle

Question 35

two structures that comprise the renal corpuscle

Answer 35

glomerulus and bowmen’s capsule

Question 36

two layer of bowmen’s capsule

Answer 36

parietal and visceral