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Clin Microscopy > intro to urinalysis > Flashcards

intro to urinalysis Flashcards

0
Q

what is the kidney glucose threshold

A

160mg/dL

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1
Q

possible cause of glucose in urine

A

tubular dysfunction

glucose overflow

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2
Q

protein in urine is called

A

proteinuria

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3
Q

how does the kidney help in BP regulation

A

renin angiotensis system

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4
Q

organs involved in RAS

A

kidney

lungs

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5
Q

criteria for good substance for clearance test

A

freely passes glomerulus

neither abosorbed nor secreted bu the tubules

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6
Q

formula for clearance

A

conc of subs in urine over conc of subs in plasma times 1.73

expressed in milliliters per minute

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7
Q

urine sample used for clearance test

A

24-hour urine

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8
Q

what are the bodily fluids aside from urine, tears, saliva

A 
CSF
synovial
seminal
amniotic
serous
gastric
sputum
sweat
feces
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9
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose meningitis

A

CSF

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10
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose arthritis

A

synovial

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11
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose inborne diseases

A

which fluid is used to diagnose

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12
Q

when are inborn diseases usually checked

A

1st and 3rd trimester

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13
Q

which fluid is used to rule out malignancies

A

serous fluid

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14
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose ulcer, etc

A

gastric

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15
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

A

sweat

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16
Q

which is an early sign of colon cancer

A

FOBT (fecal occult blood test)

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17
Q

CSF is used to diagnose

A

meningitis

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18
Q

synovial fluid is used to diagnose

A

arthritis

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19
Q

seminal fluid is used for

A

fertility test

medicolegal purposes

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20
Q

amniotic fluid is used to diagnose

A

inborn diseases

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21
Q

sputum is used to diagnose

A

TB

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22
Q

which fluid is used to diagnose TB

A

sputum

23
Q

sweat is used to diagnose

A

cystic fibrosis

24
Q

this is the waste product from blood filtration by kidney

A

urine

25
Q

major organ of urine formation

A

kidney

26
Q

location of kidney

A

retroperitoneal space

27
Q

basic units of the kidney

A

nephron

28
Q

number of nephrons per kidney

A

1-1.5 million

29
Q

percent of blood that enters the kidney per minute

A

20%

30
Q

the type of arteriole where blood enters the kidney

A

afferent arteriole

31
Q

the type of arteriol where blood exits the kidney

A

efferent arteriole

32
Q

amount of blood in kidney after filtration

A

1200mL -> 120mL

33
Q

arteries in kidney

A

renal arteries

34
Q

other function of kidney aside from filtration

A

acid base regulation
plasma and electrolytes regulation
EPO production
BP regulation

35
Q

what stimulates the kidney to produce EPO

A

hypoxia

36
Q

PCT stands for

A

proximal convoluted tubules

37
Q

the site of active reabsorption of threshold substances

A

PCT proximal convoluted tubules

38
Q

DLH stands for

A

descending limb of Henle

39
Q

site of active reabsorption of water and electrolytes

A

DLH descending limb of Henle

40
Q

site of urine concentration

A

DLH descending limb of Henle

41
Q

why is urine concentrated in the DLH

A

water is reabsorbed, making it more concentrated

42
Q

what is reabsorbed in the PCT

A

threshold substances

43
Q

what is reabsorbed in the DLH

A

water and electrolytes

44
Q

the site where there is no water reabsorption

A

ALH ascending limb of Henle

45
Q

why is there no water reabsorption in the ALH

A

it is impermeable to water

46
Q

it is the usual site of urine crystal and casts formation

A

ALH ascending limb of Henle

47
Q

ALH stands for

A

ascending limb of Henle

48
Q

example of a diuretic

A

thiazide
osmotic
k-sparing

49
Q

hormones in kidney

A

parathryroid hormone

aldosterone

50
Q

DCT stands for

A

distal convoluted tubules

51
Q

site of secretion of ammonia etc

A

DCT distal convoluted tubules

52
Q

site where reabsorption is continued

A

DCT distal convoluted tubules

53
Q

processes in urine formation

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

54
Q

importance of urinalysis

A 
diseases or infection diagnosis
metabolic disorder diagnosis not related to kidney
to monitor course of treatment
pregnancy test
drug abuse checking
55
Q

function of KFT

A

glomerular and tubular competency

56
Q

this test is for filtering capacity if golmerulus

A

creatinine clearance

Clin Microscopy (3 decks)

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