intro to urinalysis Flashcards
what is the kidney glucose threshold
160mg/dL
possible cause of glucose in urine
tubular dysfunction
glucose overflow
protein in urine is called
proteinuria
how does the kidney help in BP regulation
renin angiotensis system
organs involved in RAS
kidney
lungs
criteria for good substance for clearance test
freely passes glomerulus
neither abosorbed nor secreted bu the tubules
formula for clearance
conc of subs in urine over conc of subs in plasma times 1.73
expressed in milliliters per minute
urine sample used for clearance test
24-hour urine
what are the bodily fluids aside from urine, tears, saliva
CSF synovial seminal amniotic serous gastric sputum sweat feces
which fluid is used to diagnose meningitis
CSF
which fluid is used to diagnose arthritis
synovial
which fluid is used to diagnose inborne diseases
which fluid is used to diagnose
when are inborn diseases usually checked
1st and 3rd trimester
which fluid is used to rule out malignancies
serous fluid
which fluid is used to diagnose ulcer, etc
gastric
which fluid is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis
sweat
which is an early sign of colon cancer
FOBT (fecal occult blood test)
CSF is used to diagnose
meningitis
synovial fluid is used to diagnose
arthritis
seminal fluid is used for
fertility test
medicolegal purposes
amniotic fluid is used to diagnose
inborn diseases
sputum is used to diagnose
TB
which fluid is used to diagnose TB
sputum
sweat is used to diagnose
cystic fibrosis
this is the waste product from blood filtration by kidney
urine
major organ of urine formation
kidney
location of kidney
retroperitoneal space
basic units of the kidney
nephron
number of nephrons per kidney
1-1.5 million
percent of blood that enters the kidney per minute
20%
the type of arteriole where blood enters the kidney
afferent arteriole
the type of arteriol where blood exits the kidney
efferent arteriole
amount of blood in kidney after filtration
1200mL -> 120mL
arteries in kidney
renal arteries
other function of kidney aside from filtration
acid base regulation
plasma and electrolytes regulation
EPO production
BP regulation
what stimulates the kidney to produce EPO
hypoxia
PCT stands for
proximal convoluted tubules
the site of active reabsorption of threshold substances
PCT proximal convoluted tubules
DLH stands for
descending limb of Henle
site of active reabsorption of water and electrolytes
DLH descending limb of Henle
site of urine concentration
DLH descending limb of Henle
why is urine concentrated in the DLH
water is reabsorbed, making it more concentrated
what is reabsorbed in the PCT
threshold substances
what is reabsorbed in the DLH
water and electrolytes
the site where there is no water reabsorption
ALH ascending limb of Henle
why is there no water reabsorption in the ALH
it is impermeable to water
it is the usual site of urine crystal and casts formation
ALH ascending limb of Henle
ALH stands for
ascending limb of Henle
example of a diuretic
thiazide
osmotic
k-sparing
hormones in kidney
parathryroid hormone
aldosterone
DCT stands for
distal convoluted tubules
site of secretion of ammonia etc
DCT distal convoluted tubules
site where reabsorption is continued
DCT distal convoluted tubules
processes in urine formation
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
importance of urinalysis
diseases or infection diagnosis metabolic disorder diagnosis not related to kidney to monitor course of treatment pregnancy test drug abuse checking
function of KFT
glomerular and tubular competency
this test is for filtering capacity if golmerulus
creatinine clearance
