Intro To Ultrasound Chapt 2 Vocab Flashcards
Additional controls
Imaging controls such as body pattern, Doppler, power Doppler, post web, and mode, and screen monitor controls
Alphanumeric keyboard
Keyboard on the ultrasound system that allows alphabetical and numerical characters to be entered for patients examination
Calc key
Appropriate calculations package based on imaging preset
Clinical applications specialist
Customizes imaging settings and measurements, demonstrates proper use of ultrasound system.
Help menu
Excess reference manual for alter sound system
HIS
Acronym for hospital information system. Electronic system that stores patient demographic information and medical records.
Knobology
ultrasound system controls including one primary imaging, to calculation, and three additional controls.
PACS
Acronym for picture archiving and communication systems. Packs enables improved image resolution as images are stored in digital format and manipulated by software controls
Primary imaging controls
Controls such as imaging preset, frequency, depth, and time gain compensation that directly affect image quality.
RIS
Acronym for radiology information system. Electronic, radiology specific network that supports imaging, reporting, and relevant patient data. This is generally a subsystem of HIS
Teleradiology
Radiologist consult for imaging diagnosis using packs to imbue images transmitted from Site of origin
Ultrasound field service engineer
Person who performs installations of ultrasound system at an imaging site
Ultrasound system
Software based control system for image settings and measurements
Assessment notes
Results of the physical examination, including a listing of patient’s symptoms.
Differential diagnosis
Multiple pathologic conditions that may be indicated by the ultrasound findings and reported as such by the interpreting physician
Hepatitis B virus
Blood-borne pathogen and that requires universal precautions to reduce exposure risk. Healthcare workers can protect themselves with the hepatitis B vaccine, which requires three shots over six months and is offered at most healthcare facilities
HIV
Blood-borne pathogen’s that required universal precautions to reduce exposure risk. Virus may lead to aids, a deficiency of the auto immune system that in many cases is terminal
Interpretive report
Sonologist/radiologists formal, legal, interpretive report of the ultrasound findings.
OSHA
And agency within the United States Department of Labor. OSHA standards are designed to protect healthcare workers from major blood borne diseases.
Patient chart
Compilation of patient information, including medical history, results of physical exam, patient symptoms, and laboratory test results
Society for diagnostic medical sonography and American Institute of ultrasound in medicine
Professional ultrasound organizations for sonographers and sonologists
Sonographer
Ultrasound professional responsible for performing and recording ultrasound studies for phys interpretation
Sonologists
Position responsible for providing the final, legal, interpretive report may include differential diagnosis of ultrasound findings.
Technical observation
Sonographers written summary of the ultrasound findings using sonographic terminology. Never a diagnosis, as it is not considered justified or legal
Ultrasound request form
Patient identification data, clinical symptoms, and examination request and why.
Universal precautions
Treating all patients as if they may have HPV/HIV or other blood borne diseases, meaning that engineering, workplace, and housekeeping controls are in place to ensure safety.
Echogenic
Having many echos
Hyperechoic
Extremely bright and exaggerated echoes
hypoechoic
Low level echos
Anechoic
Without echos
Echopenic
A mass which has low level echos- but is less echogenic then the surrounding tissues
Isoechoic
Two structures having the same echogenicity
Sonolucent
A cystic or fluid filled structure
Homogenous
Echo pattern smooth and even
Heterogeneous
Indicates an irregular or uneven pattern which may appear to have mixx echogenicities
Posterior enhancement/thru transmission
Characteristic of structures containing fluid
Shadowing
Opposite of posterior enhancement. Due to:
- Tissue is so dense or completely absorbs sound.
- Reflects sound like air/gas.
- Result if refraction/bending the sound beam
Refraction
Bending the sound beam. Can result in shadowing. This is when echoes are not received by the transducer, and therefore cannot be compressed and shown on the monitor.
Reverberation
A type of artifact caused by the sound bouncing off a highly reflective interface- freq seen when fluid filled structures are near the transducer.
Comet tail/ring down
A specific type of reverberation artifact caused by a strong air interface (like the trachea) and appears as multiple spiral, parallel lines
Side lobe artifact
Slice thickness artifact
Can make a fluid filled structure appear filled with sludge.
CAN BE ELIMINATED!
Adjust focal zone/depth
Change frequency
Change transducer
Mirror Artifact
Occurs when the sound beam hits a curved structure. Produces mirror image directly behind orig reflector. Diaphragm is known for this
Split image
Type of artifact. Caused by refraction of sound as it travels thru abdominal muscles. Causes duplicate image NEXT to the reflector.
CAN BE ELIMINATED!
Change transducer position
Propagation velocity
Type of artifact that causes mis registration of information due to changes in velocity as it passes through different densities. If the sound is delayed, it recorded as positioned deeper then expected.
Cyst features
A specific type of mass. Must meet these criteria.
1- well defined borders
2-no internal echoes
3-posterior enhancement
Solid mass features
- Irregular borders
- Multiple internal echoes
- NO posterior enhancement
Complex mass
Both cystic and solid features. May be septated
