Intro to Toxicology

Question 1

What is the difference between dose and exposure?

Answer 1

Dose is the actual amount of a chemical that neters the body.
Exposure is the amount of toxin in that area

Question 2

Give an example of Acute exposure and its timeframe

Answer 2

Within 24 hours, e.g. drug overdose

Question 3

What is the timeframe of Subacute exposure and an example?

Answer 3

Repeated exposure up to 1 month, e.g. toxic response to new medicine occurring in early stages

Question 4

What is Subchronic exposure and an example?

Answer 4

Repeated exposure 1-3 months, e.g. contaminated drinking water

Question 5

What is Chronic exposure and an example?

Answer 5

3 months or greater, e.g. occupational exposure to chemicals

Question 6

Which natural toxin is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins under low-oxygen conditions?

Answer 6

Botulinum toxin

Question 7

What is the action of botulinum toxins?

Answer 7

Block nerve functions leading to respiratory and muscular paralysis

Question 8

What is botulinum toxins mechanism of toxicity?

Answer 8

Inhibit acetylcholine release from nerve terminals

Question 9

Is there a treatment for Botulinum toxin?

Answer 9

Botulinum antitoxin, polyclonal antibody fragments bind free botulinum toxin in the blood.

Question 10

What can structure-activity relationships be used for?

Answer 10

To predict the potency of a toxin.

Question 11

What is NOAEL

Answer 11

Highest dose at which there was not an observed toxic or adverse effect

Question 12

What is LOAEL

Answer 12

Lowest dose at which there WAS an observed toxic or adverse effect