INTRO TO TOXICOLOGY

Question 1

Define toxicology

Answer 1

The study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living systems

Question 2

Define toxin

Answer 2

A poisonous substance produced by living cells

Question 3

Define toxicant

Answer 3

A man-made chemical introduced into the environment that produces toxic effects on living cells

Question 4

Define descriptive toxicology

Answer 4

Identify phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to toxic substances

Question 5

Define mechanistic toxicology

Answer 5

Identify how toxic substances alter normal cellular function

Question 6

Define regulatory toxicology

Answer 6

Assess the safety of exposure levels of toxic substances

Question 7

Define local toxic response

Answer 7

Effect observed at site of contact or portal of entry

Question 8

Define systemic toxic response

Answer 8

Effect observed at site distant from contact or portal of entry

Question 9

Define immediate response

Answer 9

Seconds → hours

Question 10

Define delayed toxic response

Answer 10

Days → years

Question 11

Define reversible toxic response

Answer 11

Effect abates after stopping exposure

Question 12

Define irreversible toxic response

Answer 12

Effect persists after stopping exposure

Question 13

List the three phases of toxic responses

Answer 13

Exposure
Disposition
(Metabolism / mechanism of action)
Toxicodynamics
(Cellular responses)

Question 14

List the three means by which toxic responses may be mitigated

Answer 14

• Prevent / reduce exposure
• Enhance elimination from body
• Block / repair cellular effects