Intro to Toxicology Flashcards
1
Q
What is a poison (toxicant)?
A
Any solid, liquid, or gas when introduced into a biologic system can interfere with the life processes of the cells of that organism by its own inherent properties
2
Q
What are the MOAs of Poisons?
A
- Attack common receptors
- Compete for metabolites
- Damage membranes
- Alter nucleic acid synthesis
3
Q
What is a Toxin?
A
- Poison from a biological process
- Biotoxin - general
- Zootoxin - insect/reptile
- Mycotoxin - fungal
- Phytotoxin - plant
- Phycotoxin - algae
4
Q
Define “toxic”
A
- Refers to AE
- Ex: arsenic is toxic to the GIT and Kidney
5
Q
Define “toxicosis”
A
- Disease state of being poisoned
- Ex: arsenic toxicosis = acute onset of vomiting progressing to hemorrhagic diarrhea
6
Q
Define “toxicity”
A
- Essentially the dose
- Ex: Cute toxicity of Arsenic is 5 mg/kg
7
Q
What is NOEL?
A
No observed effect level
8
Q
What is NOAEL
A
9
Q
No observed AE level
A
10
Q
What is HNTD
A
Highest Non-toxic Dose
11
Q
What is LD50
A
- Lethal dose 50
- Quantal Response of a group
- Straight line on semi log or probit paper
- Lethal to 50% of animals defined conditions
- Does not address severity/clinical characteristics
- No relationship to chronic toxicity or other effects
12
Q
What is ED50
A
Effective Dose 50
13
Q
What is Dose-Response?
A
- Conflict between 2 forces
- Agent against a biological system
- Dose determines which prevails
14
Q
What is an “agent”?
A
- Can be many things
- Poison/toxicant
- Chemical
- xenobiotic - foreign compound
- Toxin
- Elements - lead, selenium, etc
- Pharmaceuticals
- Nutrients
15
Q
What is Chronicity factor?
A
- Acute LD50/90 day LD50
- Measure of cumulative toxicity
