Intro to the Cell Flashcards
Why are eukaryotic cells more bigger than prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells need ATP, therefore, they can produce it faster and more of it.
What determines the size of a cell?
It`s need to produce ATP in a timely fashion, which allows for survival. Also, the need for oxygen, glucose and water to easily diffuse into the membrane.
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have organelles surrounded by membranes, they have compartments and a nucleus present.
What makes chloroplasts and mitochondria different than the other organelles?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have TWO lipid bilayers and they have their own DNA which is haploid and circular. The only other cells that have this DNA are prokaryotic cells.
What does the endosymbiotic theory suggest about mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living prokaryotic cells; as a result, a bacterial cell engulfed photosynthetic bacteria (chloroplasts) and aerobic bacteria (mitochondria). With the mitochondria and chloroplasts engulfed, they have protection and the now eukaryotic cell has glucose, which is produced by chloroplasts and ATP, produced by mitochondria. Since chloroplasts also produces poisonous oxygen as a by-product, the mitochondria will engulf this oxygen, further protecting the cell.
Why would a larger cell that would`ve engulfed a photosynthetic bacteria (chloroplasts) not survive?
Photosynthetic bacterium produces oxygen, which is toxic for the cell, without the aid of aerobic bacteria (mitochondria), nothing can engulf the oxygen, thus killing the cell.
Which evolved first, photosynthetic bacteria or aerobic bacteria?
Photosynthetic bacteria
What is the advantage of cellular division?
As cells age, they get bigger, making it harder for them to survive. Cellular division allows for the cell to maintain its size by reducing it.
