Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes
enzymes are proteins, biological catalysts and derived from genes. they help increase the rate of reaction.
What is activation energy
The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
What is a substrate
A reactant that interacts with an enzyme
What do catalysts do
Catalysts, such as enzymes, reduce the activation energy required for a reaction to begin.
How do cells use ATP
Cells will use ATP as a source of phosphate. Since ATP is unstable, it will lose a phosphate which would be added to a substrate. This increases its energy levels because the substrates will lower AE levels, thus, allowing reactions to occur faster.
The transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a substrate is catalyzed by an enzyme, what are these enzymes called
Kinases
What is an active site
The site on an enzyme where the substrate binds to
What is induced fit
Change in shape of the active sit to accommodate the substrate
What are some factors that affect enzyme activity? What happens
Temperature - high temp often denatures proteins, thus altering its 3D shape
pH - all enzymes have a pH in which they function best. once the pH is changed, an enzyme`s active site is altered
What happens when your ATP levels go down
The ATP levels in your body go down because will consume it for its various needs. As a result, ADP levels will go up Once ADP is bound to an enzyme, the rate of ATP will increase.
What happens during competitive inhibition
The substrate and an inhibitor (reduces the activity of an enzyme), compete to occupy the active site. When the inhibitor is in high concentrations, it will out-compete the substrate. The catalyzation that would’ve occurred between the substrate and the active site, no longer occurs.
What happens during noncompetitive inhibition
An inhibitor prevents the enzyme from working, but it does not bind to the active site. Instead,it binds to an allosteric site (a site on an enzyme other than the active site) on an enzyme.
