Intro to the Cardiovascular system in health and disease (CVS1) Flashcards

1
Q

components of CVS (cardiovascular system)

A

heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

role of heart in CVS

A

the pump, cardiac output must match needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

role of arteries in CVS

A

passageways of blood from heart to tissues. pressure must be maintained but not too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

arterioles

A

major resistance vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

role of capillaries

A

site of exchange of gas, nutrients and water between blood and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

role of veins

A

capacitance vessels (contain most of blood volume during rest); passageways of blood from tissues to heart. venous return must provide heart with sufficient blood to pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

e.g’s of diseases of the CVS

A

arterial disease, venous disease, structural abnormalities of the heart, infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

arterial disease

A

e.g. high blood pressure, coronary/ischaemic heart disease (including heart attacks), stoke, peripheral arterial disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

venous disease

A

e.g. deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structural abnormalities of the heart

A

caused by e.g. ischaemic heart disease, diseases of the heart valves, diseases of the cardiac muscle itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

infections of the heart

A

infective endocarditis (usually affect damaged heart valves), pericarditis, myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two types of risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A

modifiable and non modifiable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A
  • high blood pressure
  • dyslipidaemia (disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency)
  • smoking
  • diabetes mellitus
  • obesity
  • dietary factors
  • thrombogenic factors(Causing or resulting in thrombosis or coagulation of the blood)
  • lack of exercise
  • excess alcohol consumption
  • stress (?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A
  • genetic factors
  • age
  • gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clinical effects of arterial disease (and component of CVS that it effects)

A
  • strokes (cerebral/carotid arteries)
  • ischaemic heart disease(coronary arteries)
  • claudication(cramping of legs) and gangrene (femoral/lower limb arteries)
  • renal failure and hypertension (renal arteries)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms of cardiovascular disease

A
  • no symptoms
  • sudden death
  • chest pain
  • shortness of breath
  • palpitations
  • loss of consciousness
  • collapse
  • swollen lower limbs
  • leg pain
17
Q

commonest cause of death below the age of 75 years/ so called premature mortality

A

coronary heart disease