Intro to the Cardiovascular system in health and disease (CVS1) Flashcards
components of CVS (cardiovascular system)
heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins
role of heart in CVS
the pump, cardiac output must match needs
role of arteries in CVS
passageways of blood from heart to tissues. pressure must be maintained but not too high
arterioles
major resistance vessels
role of capillaries
site of exchange of gas, nutrients and water between blood and tissues
role of veins
capacitance vessels (contain most of blood volume during rest); passageways of blood from tissues to heart. venous return must provide heart with sufficient blood to pump
e.g’s of diseases of the CVS
arterial disease, venous disease, structural abnormalities of the heart, infections
arterial disease
e.g. high blood pressure, coronary/ischaemic heart disease (including heart attacks), stoke, peripheral arterial disease.
venous disease
e.g. deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
structural abnormalities of the heart
caused by e.g. ischaemic heart disease, diseases of the heart valves, diseases of the cardiac muscle itself
infections of the heart
infective endocarditis (usually affect damaged heart valves), pericarditis, myocarditis
two types of risk factors for cardiovascular disease
modifiable and non modifiable
modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
- high blood pressure
- dyslipidaemia (disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency)
- smoking
- diabetes mellitus
- obesity
- dietary factors
- thrombogenic factors(Causing or resulting in thrombosis or coagulation of the blood)
- lack of exercise
- excess alcohol consumption
- stress (?)
non modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
- genetic factors
- age
- gender
clinical effects of arterial disease (and component of CVS that it effects)
- strokes (cerebral/carotid arteries)
- ischaemic heart disease(coronary arteries)
- claudication(cramping of legs) and gangrene (femoral/lower limb arteries)
- renal failure and hypertension (renal arteries)