Intro to the Brain

Question 1

what are the 2 main components of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the names given to the anterior and posterior poles of the brain?

Answer 2

Frontal and Occipital

Question 3

Which can you live without: cerebral hemispheres or brainstem?

Answer 3

Cerebral hemispheres. The brainstem controls breathing and consciousness

Question 4

What is the name of the line between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 4

Great longitudinal fissure

Question 5

The surface of the brain is highly folded, what are the folds and grooves called?

Answer 5

Fold = GYRUS (pl. gyri)
Groove = SULCUS (pl. sulci)

Question 6

Which lobe is anterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 6

Frontal lobe

Question 7

What is the function of the pre-central gyrus?

Answer 7

Major motor centre of the brain

Question 8

What is the function of the post-central gyrus?

Answer 8

Major somatic centre of the brain

Question 9

Which lobe of the brain is below the lateral sulcus?

Answer 9

Temporal lobe

Question 10

What are the main functions of the main 4 lobes?

Answer 10

Frontal - decision making
Parietal - sensory cortex and intergration of sense with previous memories
Temporal - hearing and part of memory
Occipital - sight

Question 11

What 3 things make up the brainstem?

Answer 11

Midbrain + Pons + Medulla

Question 12

What space lies between the brainstem and the cerebellum?

Answer 12

IVth ventricle

Question 13

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus part of?

Answer 13

Diencephalon

Question 14

Which part of the brain uses sensory information to coordinate the body?

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 15

important relay station between the brainstem and spinal cord and the cerebral cortex

Question 16

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

controls the ANS

Question 17

Name the 3 swellings the neural tube develops and state which region of the brain they are equivalent to

Answer 17

PROSENCEPHALON - forebrain
MESENCEPHALON - midbrain
RHOMBENCEPHALON - hindbrain

Question 18

Which end of the neural tube develops into the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Caudal

Question 19

How many swellings do the 3 initial neural tube swellings develop into and what are their names?

Answer 19

5

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 20

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles do the cerebral hemispheres develop from?

Answer 20

1. Prosencephalon

2. Telencephalon

Question 21

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles does the diencephalon develop from?

Answer 21

1. Prosencephalon

2. Diencephalon

Question 22

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles do the pons and cerebellum develop from?

Answer 22

1. Rhombencephalon

2. Mesencephalon

Question 23

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles does the medulla oblongata develop from?

Answer 23

1. Rhombencephalon

2. Myelencephalon

Question 24

Which is the most superficial of the meninges?

Answer 24

Dura

Question 25

What is the space between the dura and arachnoid layers called?

Answer 25

subdural space (it is a potential space which is only apparent pathologically)

Question 26

What is the name of the space between the arachnoid and pia? What does it contain?

Answer 26

subarachnoid space containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 27

Which is the thinnest of the meninges?

Answer 27

Pia

Question 28

Describe the dura matter?

Answer 28

tough, fibrous membrane, ensheathing brain loosely, adhered to the underside of the skull

Question 29

What are the 2 layers of Dura called?

Answer 29

periosteal (outer) and meningeal

Question 30

Approximately what percentage of O2 consumption does the brain require?

Answer 30

20%

Question 31

Which 2 pairs of arteries supply the brain?

Answer 31

Vertebral and internal carotid

Question 32

Name the 3 pairs of cerebellar arteries

Answer 32

Posterior inferior Anterior inferior Superior

Question 33

Name the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries

Answer 33

Posterior Middle Anterior

Question 34

What do the posterior communicating arteries complete? Why is this useful?

Answer 34

Arterial circle of Willis - allows a collateral circulation in event of arterial damage to brain (however, very small so not very effective)