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Control > Intro to the Brain > Flashcards

Intro to the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 main components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the names given to the anterior and posterior poles of the brain?

A

Frontal and Occipital

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3
Q

Which can you live without: cerebral hemispheres or brainstem?

A

Cerebral hemispheres. The brainstem controls breathing and consciousness

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4
Q

What is the name of the line between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

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5
Q

The surface of the brain is highly folded, what are the folds and grooves called?

A 
Fold = GYRUS (pl. gyri)
Groove = SULCUS (pl. sulci)
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6
Q

Which lobe is anterior to the central sulcus?

A

Frontal lobe

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7
Q

What is the function of the pre-central gyrus?

A

Major motor centre of the brain

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8
Q

What is the function of the post-central gyrus?

A

Major somatic centre of the brain

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9
Q

Which lobe of the brain is below the lateral sulcus?

A

Temporal lobe

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the main 4 lobes?

A

Frontal - decision making
Parietal - sensory cortex and intergration of sense with previous memories
Temporal - hearing and part of memory
Occipital - sight

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11
Q

What 3 things make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain + Pons + Medulla

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12
Q

What space lies between the brainstem and the cerebellum?

A

IVth ventricle

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13
Q

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus part of?

A

Diencephalon

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14
Q

Which part of the brain uses sensory information to coordinate the body?

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

important relay station between the brainstem and spinal cord and the cerebral cortex

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16
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

controls the ANS

17
Q

Name the 3 swellings the neural tube develops and state which region of the brain they are equivalent to

A

PROSENCEPHALON - forebrain
MESENCEPHALON - midbrain
RHOMBENCEPHALON - hindbrain

18
Q

Which end of the neural tube develops into the spinal cord?

A

Caudal

19
Q

How many swellings do the 3 initial neural tube swellings develop into and what are their names?

A

5

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon

20
Q

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles do the cerebral hemispheres develop from?

A
  1. Prosencephalon

2. Telencephalon

21
Q

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles does the diencephalon develop from?

A
  1. Prosencephalon

2. Diencephalon

22
Q

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles do the pons and cerebellum develop from?

A
  1. Rhombencephalon

2. Mesencephalon

23
Q

Which primary and secondary brain vesicles does the medulla oblongata develop from?

A
  1. Rhombencephalon

2. Myelencephalon

24
Q

Which is the most superficial of the meninges?

A

Dura

25
Q

What is the space between the dura and arachnoid layers called?

A

subdural space (it is a potential space which is only apparent pathologically)

26
Q

What is the name of the space between the arachnoid and pia? What does it contain?

A

subarachnoid space containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

27
Q

Which is the thinnest of the meninges?

A

Pia

28
Q

Describe the dura matter?

A

tough, fibrous membrane, ensheathing brain loosely, adhered to the underside of the skull

29
Q

What are the 2 layers of Dura called?

A

periosteal (outer) and meningeal

30
Q

Approximately what percentage of O2 consumption does the brain require?

A

20%

31
Q

Which 2 pairs of arteries supply the brain?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid

32
Q

Name the 3 pairs of cerebellar arteries

A

Posterior inferior
Anterior inferior
Superior

33
Q

Name the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries

A

Posterior
Middle
Anterior

34
Q

What do the posterior communicating arteries complete? Why is this useful?

A

Arterial circle of Willis - allows a collateral circulation in event of arterial damage to brain (however, very small so not very effective)

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