Intro to Sociology Exam 3

Question 1

Social Stratification

Answer 1

A stystem where categories of people are ranked in a hierarchy.

Question 2

4 Major Characteristics of Social Stratification

Answer 2

1. Society (Pre-established)
2. Universal & Variable (Everywhere)
3. Persists over generations (Children same as parents)
4. Supported by patterns and beliefs

Question 3

Social Mobility

Answer 3

Changes in the social position within the system’s social stratification.

Question 4

Closed System has No Social mobility

Answer 4

Caste (ascribed status)

Question 5

Open systm has mobility

Answer 5

(Class) Individual achievement

Question 6

4 Causes of Social Inequality

Answer 6

1. Economic Resources & Power (Money)
2. Occupational Prestige - White Collar & Blue Collar
3. Formal Education
4. Ascription - Ancestry, Race, Sex, Religion WASP

Question 7

Status Inconsistency

Answer 7

Different identites in different categories

Question 8

Racial Groups

Answer 8

(Biological) Group classified by obvious physical differences.

Question 9

Ethnic Groups

Answer 9

(Cuiltural) Set apart from other groups because of either national origin or disctintive cultural patterns

Question 10

Minority Groups

Answer 10

Socially disadvantaged group (Lack of Power)

Question 11

5 Characteristics of minority groups

Answer 11

1. Distinguishing physical or cultural trait.
2. Involuntary Membership
3. In-group marriage
4. Awareness of Subordination
5. Unequal Treatment

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

(Action or Behavior) Unequal treatment of a category of people.

Question 13

Prejudice

Answer 13

(Attitude) An unfounded attitude to a category of people.

Question 14

5 Causes of Prejudice & Discrimination

Answer 14

1 Exploitation Theory (Self-Justification)

2. Scapegoating Theory (Frustration)
3. Authoriatrian Personality
4. Competition (Especially Economic Competition)
5. Cultural Transmission Theory (Socialization)

Question 15

Exploitation Theory

Answer 15

Prejudie is often used to justify keeping a group in a subordinate position (taking countries)

Question 16

Scapegoating Theory

Answer 16

Taking your frustration out on a minority group

Question 17

Authoritarian personality

Answer 17

Strict obedience to authority

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

Prejudice & Discrimination increases stongly when there’s competition for a limited amount ofjobs.

Question 19

Cultural Transmission Theory

Answer 19

Prejudice is culturally transmitted (subltly learned)

Question 20

Unprejudiced / Non-Discriminator

Answer 20

Active Liberal

Question 21

Unprejudiced / Discriminator

Answer 21

Reluctant Liberal

Question 22

Prejudiced / Non-Discriminator

Answer 22

Timid Bigot

Question 23

Prejudiced / Discriminator

Answer 23

Active Bigot

Question 24

Gender Roles

Answer 24

Rights and obligations assigned to each gender in a particular culture

Question 25

Females

Answer 25

Express personality traites (emotional, caring, nurturing)

Question 26

Males

Answer 26

Instrumental Peronsality Traits (Direct, Aggressive, Strong-Willed, insensitive)

Question 27

3 Learning Traits

Answer 27

1. Social Learning Theory
2. Modeling Theory
3. Cognitive Development Theory

Question 28

Social Learning Theory

Answer 28

We learn through positive reinforcements & rewards

Question 29

Modeling Theory

Answer 29

Kids will model their behavior after another person

Question 30

Cognitive Development Theory

Answer 30

Once kids learn what gender they are, they actively pursue behaviors associated with that gender.

Question 31

Androgyny

Answer 31

having Characteristics of both sexes

Question 32

Monogamy

Answer 32

One Wife

Question 33

Polygamy

Answer 33

Multiple Wives

Question 34

Nuclear Family

Answer 34

Husband, Wife, 2 kids

Question 35

Extended Family

Answer 35

Nuclear + parents, cousin, etc…

Question 36

Blended Family

Answer 36

Stepfamily