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Anatomy and Physiology > Intro to Skeletal System > Flashcards

Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Supporting the body

Protecting soft organs

Providing a structure for movement

Storing minerals

Forming blood cells

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2
Q

What is the division of the skeletal system? Two parts

A

Axial and appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

What does the axis skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

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4
Q

What does the appendicular system consist of?

A

All other parts of skeletal system,

Pectoral girdle, upper limb bones, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs

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5
Q

How many bones total in body?

A

207

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6
Q

What are the bone shapes?

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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7
Q

What are long bones?

A

Longer than they are broad.

Include ones of the arm, leg, forearm, fingers and thigh

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8
Q

What are short bones?

A

More or less equal in all dimensions.

Bones of wrist and ankles

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9
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Appear compressed in one dimension.

Bones of cranium and sternum, ribs also

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10
Q

What is irregular bone?

A

Don’t fit any other categories.

Bones on floor of skull, facial bones, vertebrae, pelvic and pectoral girdle.

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11
Q

What are the bone features?

A

Projections, depressions, and cavities

Projections - arise from the surface of the bone

Depressions - depression in bone - like a hole

Cavities - hole in bone such as a sinus

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12
Q

What is the composition of the bone tissue?

A

Composed of inorganic and organic material

Organic material - mostly cells and collagenous fibers - makes up 35% of weight of bone

Inorganic material - makes up 65% of bone
Mostly consists of hydroxyapatite crystal. It is a salt consisting of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

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13
Q

What is general anatomy of the bone structure?

A

Consist of proximal and distal end of bone called epiphysis. The middle part the shaft is the diaphysis

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14
Q

What does the epiphysis of a the bone have on the end?

A

Articulate cartilage which is composed of hyaline cartilage. This helps reduce friction as the joint moves

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15
Q

What is cancellous bone made of?

A

Made of traebeculae.

They are made of thin rods or plates of bone. They make an internal framework that strengthens the bone

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16
Q

What is the innermost section of the bone? (Hollow)

A

Medullary cavity. Marrow occupied the medullary cavity

17
Q

What types of marrow are there?

A

Hematopoietic red marrow - blood cell forming

Yellow marrow - adipose containing

18
Q

What is the cancellous bone in flat bones called?

A

Diploe

19
Q

What are nutrient foramina?

A

Located on the surface of the diaphysis, and they are small holes that allow for the passage of blood vessels in and out of the bone

20
Q

What does the nutrient foramina lead to?

A

Perforating canals (volkmans) they pass through compact bone.

They carry nutrients horizontally

21
Q

What are central canals?

A

Run vertically in bones and transport nutrients vertically.

22
Q

What is the outer surface of bone called?

A

Covered with dense connective tissue sheath. This is called periosteum.

23
Q

What is found in the periosteum?

A

Nerves and blood vessels

24
Q

What does the periosteum do?

A

Anchoring part for tendons and ligaments

25
Q

What are tendons?

A

Attach muscles to bone at the periosteum.

Attachment is strengthened by perforating fibers(sharpeys). They penetrate into the compact bone

26
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Straps of connective tissue that connect one bone to another. Secured to the bone by the periosteum.

27
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

Layer lining the inner surface of long bones which is near the marrow cavity.

28
Q

What is an osteon?

A

A modular unit of bone circle shaped

29
Q

What is the central canal in osteon?

A

These house the blood vessels and nerves

30
Q

What is the lacunae?

A

Dark spots of rings around the central canal

31
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells.

Sense stress places on bone and add more bone materials if needed

32
Q

What connect lacunae?

A

Thin tubes called canaliculi

33
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Provide a passageway through the dense bone material

34
Q

What is the lamellae?

A

Layers of dense mineral salts that form concentric rings between lacunae

35
Q

What are the three types of bone cells

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

36
Q

What are osteoblast?

A

Originate from stem cells called osteogenic progenitor cells.
Osteoblasts produce new bone and become osteocytes.

37
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Involved in bone reapbsorption.

Increase the size of the marrow cavity.

Framed from the fusion of cells

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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