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IE 577 Final > Intro to Safety and biomech > Flashcards

Intro to Safety and biomech Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What does MSD stand for?</p>

A

<p>Musculoskeletal Disorders</p>

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2
Q

<p>Why is ergonomic safety important?</p>

A

<p>Avoid MSDs Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)</p>

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3
Q

<p>How do MSDs occur?</p>

A

<p>Cumulative traumas and acute traumas</p>

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4
Q

<p>What are the symptoms of MSDs</p>

A

<p>Pain, Numbness, Tingling, Tightness, Stiffness</p>

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5
Q

<p>What is anthropometry?</p>

A

<p>Study of dimensions and other physical characteristics of the human body</p>

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6
Q

<p>What is human engineering?</p>

A

<p>fitting the machine to the man, and keeping him/her functioning with efficiency, with safety, and without discomfort in any environment</p>

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7
Q

<p>What are some ways to use anthropometry in design?</p>

A

<p>Consider the Operator
<br></br>•Consider the operator early in the design
<br></br>•Operator is Functional
<br></br>•Variations abound
<br></br>•Allowance for safety</p>

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8
Q

<p>What is Structural Anthropometry?</p>

A

<p>Bodily dimensions of subjects in fixed (static) positions</p>

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9
Q

<p>What is Functional Anthropometry?</p>

A

<p>measurement of the body in motion</p>

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10
Q

<p>What is Craniometry?</p>

A

<p>the scientific measurement of skulls</p>

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11
Q

<p>What is anterior?</p>

A

<p>in front of, toward the front of the body</p>

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12
Q

<p>What is posterior?</p>

A

<p>behind, toward the back of the body</p>

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13
Q

<p>What is medial?</p>

A

<p>near or toward the midline of the body</p>

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14
Q

<p>What is lateral?</p>

A

<p>to the side, away from the midline</p>

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15
Q

<p>What is proximal?</p>

A

<p>near the attachment to the bod</p>

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16
Q

<p>What is distal?</p>

A

<p>away from the attachment to the body</p>

17
Q

<p>What are the three reference planes?</p>

A

<p>midsagittal, transverse and coronal</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

18
Q

What are some things anthropometry can tell us?

A
  1. Body Dimensions
  2. Strength Capacities
  3. Ranges of Human Movement
  4. “Limits, Fits and Tolerances” of the spatial needs for the human
19
Q

What is flexion?

A

Moving forward out of the frontal plane of the body

20
Q

What is Extension?

A

Movement in direction opposite to flexion

21
Q

What is Hyperextension?

A

opening the joint beyond the anatomical position/ beyond normal range of extension motion.

22
Q

What is Hyperflexion?

A

Flexion of a limb or part beyond its normal range

23
Q

What is Abduction?

A

Movement that brings a structure away from the body (along the frontal plane)

24
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Movement that brings a structure towards the body (along frontal plane)

25
Q

What are Grips Best Practices?

A

Use a mass/power grip
Handles should be cylindrical or oval in cross section, with a diameter of between 30mm to 45mm. If used for precise work between 6 to 12mm. In the case of great torque consider a range of 50 to 60 mm (max).
Hand load < 1kg

26
Q

What are some Pedal Best Practices?

A

Foot Position: Best power conversion general comes from using the ball of the foot apposed to the toes, arch or heel (worst choice)
Leg Position: ensure that knees are below the waist at all times under extension, ensure that the upper body is secured

27
Q

What are some Body Best Practices?

A

The body works best when it is in a neutral posture.
Avoid holding a single posture for a long period.
Shift the stress between tissues in the body.
Avoid Flexion/Extension of the neck and back
Limit or avoid the amount of Flexion/Extension of the wrist and pay close attention to limiting radial and ulnardeviation.
Keep the arms below the shoulder and avoid unnecessary backward reach and shoulder abduction.

28
Q

How can we measure energy demands at work

A

Heart rate (HR) and Maximum aerobic work capacity (Vo2).

29
Q

What is the limits of human work in terms of heart rate?

A

Human work should be contained to a 40% or less increase in resting HR

30
Q

What is Mechanical Efficiency?

A

external work production / total energy production.

31
Q

What can we use Measurement of HR/Vo2 and ME for?

A

ID the most demanding tasks in an operation
Compare the demands of alternative designs
Evaluate the component of dynamic wor

32
Q

What are The main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A
  • To support and protect the body and body parts
  • To maintain posture and produce body movement
  • To generate heat and maintain body temperature
33
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

▫Most joints are in this category
.▫No tissue exists between the two bones. ▫The joint is highly lubricated with synovial fluid
(shoulder, elbow)

34
Q

What is an example of a Fibrous joints?

A

bones of the skull

35
Q

What is an example of a Cartilaginous joints?

A

joints of the spine

36
Q

What are the categories of classification of joints by motion?

A

No-mobility (head)
Hinge (elbow)
Pivot (wrist)
ball and socket (hip/thigh)

37
Q

What are Biomechanical Models?

A

Mathematical models that represent the mechanical properties of the human body.

38
Q

What is OWAS?

A

OvakoWorking Posture Analyzing System
One of oldest and most widely used methods of evaluating the frequency of postures at work•Categories of back, arm and leg postures and load held and work activity are recorded•Postures prioritized into “Action Categories”

39
Q

What is RULA?

A

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
•To assess postures, forces and muscle known to contribute to upper limb (shoulders, arms, wrists, hands) disorders
•Posture categories of the neck, back and legs, and muscle frequency and load are recorded

IE 577 Final (4 decks)

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