Intro to Safety and biomech

Question 1

<p>What does MSD stand for?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Musculoskeletal Disorders</p>

Question 2

<p>Why is ergonomic safety important?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Avoid MSDs Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)</p>

Question 3

<p>How do MSDs occur?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Cumulative traumas and acute traumas</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the symptoms of MSDs</p>

Answer 4

<p>Pain, Numbness, Tingling, Tightness, Stiffness</p>

Question 5

<p>What is anthropometry?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Study of dimensions and other physical characteristics of the human body</p>

Question 6

<p>What is human engineering?</p>

Answer 6

<p>fitting the machine to the man, and keeping him/her functioning with efficiency, with safety, and without discomfort in any environment</p>

Question 7

<p>What are some ways to use anthropometry in design?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Consider the Operator
<br></br>•Consider the operator early in the design
<br></br>•Operator is Functional
<br></br>•Variations abound
<br></br>•Allowance for safety</p>

Question 8

<p>What is Structural Anthropometry?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Bodily dimensions of subjects in fixed (static) positions</p>

Question 9

<p>What is Functional Anthropometry?</p>

Answer 9

<p>measurement of the body in motion</p>

Question 10

<p>What is Craniometry?</p>

Answer 10

<p>the scientific measurement of skulls</p>

Question 11

<p>What is anterior?</p>

Answer 11

<p>in front of, toward the front of the body</p>

Question 12

<p>What is posterior?</p>

Answer 12

<p>behind, toward the back of the body</p>

Question 13

<p>What is medial?</p>

Answer 13

<p>near or toward the midline of the body</p>

Question 14

<p>What is lateral?</p>

Answer 14

<p>to the side, away from the midline</p>

Question 15

<p>What is proximal?</p>

Answer 15

<p>near the attachment to the bod</p>

Question 16

<p>What is distal?</p>

Answer 16

<p>away from the attachment to the body</p>

Question 17

<p>What are the three reference planes?</p>

Answer 17

<p>midsagittal, transverse and coronal</p>

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Question 18

What are some things anthropometry can tell us?

Answer 18

1. Body Dimensions
2. Strength Capacities
3. Ranges of Human Movement
4. “Limits, Fits and Tolerances” of the spatial needs for the human

Question 19

What is flexion?

Answer 19

Moving forward out of the frontal plane of the body

Question 20

What is Extension?

Answer 20

Movement in direction opposite to flexion

Question 21

What is Hyperextension?

Answer 21

opening the joint beyond the anatomical position/ beyond normal range of extension motion.

Question 22

What is Hyperflexion?

Answer 22

Flexion of a limb or part beyond its normal range

Question 23

What is Abduction?

Answer 23

Movement that brings a structure away from the body (along the frontal plane)

Question 24

What is Adduction?

Answer 24

Movement that brings a structure towards the body (along frontal plane)

Question 25

What are Grips Best Practices?

Answer 25

Use a mass/power grip Handles should be cylindrical or oval in cross section, with a diameter of between 30mm to 45mm. If used for precise work between 6 to 12mm. In the case of great torque consider a range of 50 to 60 mm (max). Hand load < 1kg

Question 26

What are some Pedal Best Practices?

Answer 26

Foot Position: Best power conversion general comes from using the ball of the foot apposed to the toes, arch or heel (worst choice) Leg Position: ensure that knees are below the waist at all times under extension, ensure that the upper body is secured

Question 27

What are some Body Best Practices?

Answer 27

The body works best when it is in a neutral posture. Avoid holding a single posture for a long period. Shift the stress between tissues in the body. Avoid Flexion/Extension of the neck and back Limit or avoid the amount of Flexion/Extension of the wrist and pay close attention to limiting radial and ulnardeviation. Keep the arms below the shoulder and avoid unnecessary backward reach and shoulder abduction.

Question 28

How can we measure energy demands at work

Answer 28

Heart rate (HR) and Maximum aerobic work capacity (Vo2).

Question 29

What is the limits of human work in terms of heart rate?

Answer 29

Human work should be contained to a 40% or less increase in resting HR

Question 30

What is Mechanical Efficiency?

Answer 30

external work production / total energy production.

Question 31

What can we use Measurement of HR/Vo2 and ME for?

Answer 31

ID the most demanding tasks in an operation Compare the demands of alternative designs Evaluate the component of dynamic wor

Question 32

What are The main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 32

* To support and protect the body and body parts * To maintain posture and produce body movement * To generate heat and maintain body temperature

Question 33

What are synovial joints?

Answer 33

▫Most joints are in this category .▫No tissue exists between the two bones. ▫The joint is highly lubricated with synovial fluid (shoulder, elbow)

Question 34

What is an example of a Fibrous joints?

Answer 34

bones of the skull

Question 35

What is an example of a Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 35

joints of the spine

Question 36

What are the categories of classification of joints by motion?

Answer 36

No-mobility (head) Hinge (elbow) Pivot (wrist) ball and socket (hip/thigh)

Question 37

What are Biomechanical Models?

Answer 37

Mathematical models that represent the mechanical properties of the human body.

Question 38

What is OWAS?

Answer 38

OvakoWorking Posture Analyzing System One of oldest and most widely used methods of evaluating the frequency of postures at work•Categories of back, arm and leg postures and load held and work activity are recorded•Postures prioritized into “Action Categories”

Question 39

What is RULA?

Answer 39

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment •To assess postures, forces and muscle known to contribute to upper limb (shoulders, arms, wrists, hands) disorders •Posture categories of the neck, back and legs, and muscle frequency and load are recorded