Intro to Renal

Question 1

Body fluids

Answer 1

-composed of water and solutes (more than 60% water)
-changes in each body fluid compartment affects other stores
-tight regulation of each the components of each fluid compartment is needed
**main regulation is by kidney

Question 2

3 fluid stores

Answer 2

1.intracellular fluid (65%)
2.extracellular fluid (28%)
3.blood/plasma (7%)

Question 3

Kidney function

Answer 3

-regulation of plasma volume
-regulation of inorganic solutes
-regulation of osmotic balance
-regulation of acid-base balance (pH)
-removing waste products

Question 4

Kidney location

Answer 4

-dorsal/posterior side
-retroperitoneal
-indentation called hilum= where blood and nerve supply enter the kidney

Question 5

Kidney

Answer 5

-tough fibrous capsule to protect the organ
-Outer layer=cortex
-Middle layer= medulla
>Contains renal pyramids which open into space called renal pelvis (center of kidney) which further opens into ureter
»nephrons located within the renal pyramids

Question 6

Nephrons

Answer 6

-functional units of the kidney meaning that each nephron can produce urine by itself
-around 1 million in each kidney
-tube closed at one end
-non-regenerable but highly adaptable

Question 7

Nephron components

Answer 7

1. Tubular component
2. Vascular component

Question 8

Tubular component (in order)

Answer 8

-Bowmans capsule
-proximal tubule
-loop of Henle (thin descending limb & thick ascending limb)
-distal tubule (lies close to Bowman’s capsule)
-connecting tubule
-collecting tubule
-collecting duct (urine formed in tubule will head to renal pelvis where many tubular parts of nephrons will converge)

Question 9

Macula densia

Answer 9

-dense collection of cells located near the Bowmans capsule

Question 10

Blood flow of Vascular component

Answer 10

**Entire flow: Renal artery -> interlobar arteries -> Arcuate arterioles -> interlobular arterioles -> afferent arterioles -> bring blood to glomerulus -> efferent arterioles -> peritubular capillaries

-2 capillary network associated with each nephron
-Afferent arteriole take blood to Glomerulus (network of glomerular capillaries) then efferent arterioles move blood to peritubular capillaries

Question 11

Glomerulus capillary network

Answer 11

-leaky and are important for filtration process (filter from glomerulus to the Bowman’s capsule in the tubular component of the nephron)

Question 12

Peritubular capillary network

Answer 12

-important for reabsorption process (from tubules into the circulation)

Question 13

Types of nephrons

Answer 13

1.Cortical nephron
2. Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 14

Cortical Nephron

Answer 14

-70-80% of all nephrons in kidney
-located more into the cortex
-short loop of Henle (not deep into the medulla)
-extensive network of peritubular capillaries

Question 15

Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 15

-20-30% of all nephrons
-located more into the medulla
-long loop of Henle (deep into the medulla)
-Peritubular capillaries go side by side of the loop of Henle

Question 16

Vasa recta

Answer 16

-the specialized peritubular capillaries that are seen in juxtamedullary nephrons