Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RADIOTHERAPY > INTRO TO RADTHERA > Flashcards

INTRO TO RADTHERA Flashcards

1
Q

Another term for rad thera

A

Radiation Oncology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Treatment of malignant and benign tumors by the application of ionizing radiation
A

Radiation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 principal procedures used in tx of cancer

A

Radiation Therapy
Surgery
Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

They prescribe the quantity of radiation and determine the anatomic region/s to be treated and to be monitored

A

RADIATION ONCOLOGIST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Gives advices to the consultant about dosage calculations and complex treatment techniques
A

MEDICAL PHYSICIST/ MEDICAL DOSIMETRIST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Devise a plan for delivering the txs in a manner to best meet the consultant’s goal of irradiation the tumor while protecting vital normal structures
A

MEDICAL PHYSICIST/ MEDICAL DOSIMETRIST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Administers the approved treatment plan, keeping accurate records of the dose delivered each day
  • Monitors patient physical and emotional well-being
A

Radiation Therapist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a radiation therapist do?

A
  • Obtains radiographs/ CT-Scan images that localizes the area to be treated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Assists patients w/ the side effects of their treatment and makes sure that patient is in good condition during patient’s treatment
A

Radiology nurse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the aim of radiation therapy?

A
  • Deliver precisely high dose of radiation to a specific tumor volume with minimal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 goals of radiation therapy?

A

Curative, Palliative, Prophylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • There’s probability of long-term survival after adequate therapy
A

Curative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does palliative refer to?

A
  • No hope of total eradication of the tumor, done to relieve suffering and to prolong life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Treatment of some parts of the body that is suspected of harboring tumor cell but w/o any symptoms
A

Prophylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Disease process that involves an unregulated & uncontrolled replication of cells.
  • Invades normal tissues, destroy and create a mass of tumor cells
A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

90% of cancer arises from what?

A

Epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of cancer?

A
  1. Genetic Factors
  2. Lifestyle Factors
  3. Certain Types of Infections
  4. Environmental Exposures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the types of carcinomas

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Arises from the surface epithelium of a structure
A

squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from?

A

ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, BRONCHUS, SKIN, CERVIX

21
Q
  • Develops in a glandular epithelium
A

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

Where do adenocarcinomas develop?

A

PROSTATE, COLON/RECTUM, LUNG, BREAST, ENDOMETRIUM

23
Q
  • Designed by the International Union Against Cancer and American Joint Committee For Cancer Staging And End Results Reporting
A

TNM STAGING

24
Q

What does T,N,M mean?

A

T- evidence & size of tumor
N - evidence of disease in the lymph nodes
M - spreading of the cancer to multiple organs

25
Q

This tx for cancer uses drugs taken by mouth/injected into the px’s vein

A

chemotherapy

26
Q

when do you use chemotherapy?

A

if the disease is systemic

27
Q
  • May be prescribed when the tumor is small and its margins are well-defined.
  • Involves the removal of the tumor plus some surrounding tissues
A

Surgery

28
Q
  • Generally used after surgery when a px is deemed to be at high risk for tumor recurrence in the surgical bed
  • Uses photons, electron and other sources of radiation
A

Radiation therapy

29
Q
  • Radiotherapy technique in w/c source of radiation is at some distance from the px
A

Teletherapy/EBRT

30
Q

What does EBRT mean?

A

External beam radiation therapy

31
Q

What is brachytherapy?

A
  • Placement of radioactive substance/nuclides in or on neoplasm to deliver cancericidal dose
32
Q

What are the categories of cancer?

A

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma

33
Q
  • Cancer that begins in the skin/tissues that line/cover internal organs
A

Carcinoma

34
Q

What is sarcoma?

A
  • CA that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective/supportive tissue
35
Q
  • CA that starts in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood
A

Leukemia

36
Q

what is lymphoma?

A
  • Develop in the glands/nodes of the lymphatic system
37
Q

what is myeloma?

A
  • CA originating in plasma cells of the bone marrow
38
Q

These are any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease/injury

A

risk factors

39
Q

Categories of risk factors

A

external & internal

40
Q

Give 5 signs of cancer

A
  • C – hange in bowel/bladder habits
  • A – sore that does not heal
  • U – nusual bleeding/discharge
  • T – hickening/lump in the breast, testicles/elsewhere
  • I – ndigestion/difficulty swallowing
  • O – bvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore
  • N – aging cough/hoarseness
  • U – nexplained weight loss
  • S – evere pain
41
Q

Process of treatment of cancer

A
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Multidisciplinary Meeting
  3. Simulation Procedure
  4. Treatment Planning
  5. Treatment Delivery
  6. Monitoring and Follow-Up
42
Q

what are the 4Rs in radiotherapy?

A

repair (few hours)
Redistribution (few hours)
reoxygenation of tumor cells (hours to few hours)
repopulation of normal healthy cells (7 weeks)

43
Q
  • Time interval between radiation fractions allows normal cells to grow, divide and therefore continue normal function at the level of tissues and organs.
A

REPOPULATION OF NORMAL HEALTHY CELLS (5-7 weeks)

44
Q
  • Majority of radiation damage to the DNA
    of cancer cells occurs through a free radical mechanism that is enhanced by oxygen.
A

REOXYGENATION OF TUMOR CELLS (hours to few hours)

45
Q
  • ______________ of tumor cells into more radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle. Cancer cells have varying sensitivity to radiation depending on their current phase of the cell cycle.
A

redistribution

46
Q
  • ________ of sublethal DNA damage by normal cells. Fractionated tx preferentially allows normal cells to repair sublethal DNA damage
A

Repair

RADIOTHERAPY (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions