Intro to Radiology Flashcards
1
Q
What is radiology?
A
- branch of medicine that uses medical imaging to diagnose and manage disease
2
Q
Who is a radiologist?
A
- a medical doctor that specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases using medical imaging
3
Q
What is interventional radiology?
A
- a medical subspecialty that uses medical imaging to perform minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat diseases
4
Q
Who was William Rontgen?
A
- discovered the first x-ray using his wife’s hand, through ionizing radiation.
- won nobel price in 1901
5
Q
Who was Marie Curie?
A
- discovered radioactivity
- pioneered portable x-ray machines
- nobel prize winner in 1903 and 1911 (first women to ever win a nobel prize, first person to win 2 nobel prizes)
- Polonium and radium (named after her)
6
Q
Who was George Eastman?
A
- man behind photography, filming, kodak(camera)
7
Q
Who was Werner Forssmann?
A
- in 1929 first one to do a right heart catheterization using a foley cath, inserting from arm to the heart
- won a nobel price in 1956
8
Q
Who was Godfrey Hounsfield?
A
- developed a prototype of CT scanner
- Hounsfield unit used to measure density
- nobel prize in 1979 for physiology or medicine
9
Q
Who was Raymond Damadian?
A
- discovered relaxation techniques used in MRI in 1977
- didn’t get nobel prize due to his religion
10
Q
What are the modalities/methods of imaging?
A
- Plain radiographs(2- dimensional x-rays)
- Ultrasound (uses sound waves, also known as sonography
- fluoroscopy (low-dose multiple x-rays in real time)
- CT scan (combination of multiple x-rays)
- MRI (uses magnetic field to create images)
- Nuclear med (uses radio-active drug to create imaging as the drug decays and emits gamma radiation as it pass through the body)
- PET (positron emission tomography) a type of nuclear medicine test that shows area of metabolism, can be combined with CT for anatomical imaging as well
11
Q
List the types of imaging from least expensive to most?
A
- Radiographs(x-rays) least expensive
- fluoroscopy
- ultrasound
- CT
- MRI
- Nuclear med (most expensive)
12
Q
List the types of imaging from least time consuming to most time consuming?
A
- X-ray/radiographs (least time consuming)
- CT
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- Nuclear med (most time consuming)
13
Q
List the types of imaging from least radiation to most radiation?
A
- MRI (no radiation)
- Ultrasound (no radiation)
- X-ray/radiographs
- CT
- Nuclear med (most radiation)
14
Q
How are x-rays produced?
A
- X-rays are not naturally occurring. They are produced in a generator when electrons collide with a the tungsten target (metal). Tissues attenuate (absorb/deflect) some x-rays based on its’ density.
15
Q
How does attenuation differ in different density objects in an x-ray?
A
- Dense structures attenuate more x-rays and appear white as most of the x-ray is absorbed
- Less dense structures attenuate less x-rays and appear darker as most of the r-ray passes through without much absorption
