Intro To Pyschology And Its Origins Flashcards
Who was the first person to be called a psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
When did Wundt open the first psychology lab and what was his aim?
He opened the first psychology lab in 1879 and he wanted to experiment psychology scientifically.
What is introspection?
It is the examination of ones conscious thoughts. Someone talks about their mental processes, so how they feel or what they are thinking, when reacting to a certain stimuli.
What are conscious thoughts?
Thoughts you are aware of.
Outline the process of Wundt experiment?
- his assistants would be given a stimuli and would reflect on the experience
- Wundt would then ask them what they thought and felt directly after the experience in order to avoid memory problems.
Who established the psychodynamic approach? When and what it is?
Sigmund Freud invented the psychodynamic approach in the 1900s and he investigated the effect of the unconscious mind on behaviour. As a result, he developed his own therapy called psychoanalysis.
Who established the behaviourist approach? When and what it is?
John Watson and skinner established it in 1913. They believed all behaviour is learnt.
Who established the humanistic approach? When and what it is?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the approach in 1950. This approach emphasised the importance of free will.
When was the cognitive approach established and what was it?
It was established in the 1960s and it came in conjunction with the digital computer. Scientist used experiments to find out how the mind works and often compared the mind to a computer.
Who proposed social learning theory? When and what is it?
Albert Bandura proposed social learning theory in the 1960s. This approach draws attention to the role of cognitive factors in learning, providing a bridge between the cognitive approach and behaviourism.
Who established the biological approach? When and what is it?
Charles Darwin heavy influenced the establishment of the biological approach. The biological approach began to establish from the 1980s onwards. Advances in technology have allowed scientist to grow an increased understanding of the brain and its biological processes.
What is cognitive neuroscience and when did it begin to establish?
Cognitive neuroscience began to form near the end of the 21st century. It combines the ideas from the biological approach and the cognitive approach.
What are some of the problems with introspection?
- its subjective
- people may give a socially desirable response (results lack validity)
- hard to analyse data
- not replicable
- there will be a delay between the conscious experience and reporting their existence.
- people cannot explain unconscious behaviour
- difficult to study unobservable matter.
What are the positive of introspection?
- Live response, should be fairly accurate
- people know there own minds
- was the intro to psychology as a science
- is still used today(Griffiths gambling study)
What is a socially desirable response?
A response that makes the person get seen in a better light.
