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EXTRAS > INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY PT.2 > Flashcards

INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY PT.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pippa put all her energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life was to be a famous star! Pippa’s drive to be famous was a(n) _____ drive.

A. Primary
B. Reflexive
C. Acquired (secondary)
D. Tertiary

A

C. Acquired (secondary)

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2
Q

_____ can vary from culture to culture and are socially acceptable ways of showing emotion in public settings.

A. Phonemes
B. Facial grids
C. Display rules
D. Expressional norms

A

C. Display rules

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3
Q

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called _____.

A. Motivation
B. Emotion
C. Achievement
D. Synergy

A

A. Motivation

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4
Q

“I think I’m afraid therefore I am afraid.” Which theory of emotion is characterized by this statement?

A. The James-Lange theory
B. Activation theory
C. Cognitive arousal theory
D. The Cannon-Bard theory

A

C. Cognitive arousal theory

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5
Q

“Individuals who are high in the need for affiliation care what others think of them and want to be liked.” According to McClelland, the need for achievement supports the idea that humans want to have control over other people to complete this physiological need.

A. True; False
B. False; True
C. True; True
D. False; False

A

A. True; False

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6
Q

Geof believes that all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and below average intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Geoff have?

A. Internal locus of control
B. Decremental
C. Incidental
D. External locus of control

A

D. External locus of control

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7
Q

Some psychologists believe that an organism’s behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively a state called _____.

A. Unbalance
B. Acquiescence
C. Propinquity
D. Homeostasis

A

D. Homeostasis

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8
Q

Which of the following is an example of the facial feedback hypothesis?

A. Smiling in order to draw a smile from a friend
B. Avoiding eye contact in order to avoid talking to someone
C. Making yourself smile, then finding that your mood is more positive
D. Trying to make eye contact in order to flirt with someone.

A

C. Making yourself smile, then finding that your mood is more positive

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9
Q

Research on facial expressions has taught us that facial expressions are _____.

A. Universal
B. Leamed
C. Inherent to a culture and therefore mean different things to different cultures
D. Inherent to a region and therefore mean different things in different countries

A

A. Universal

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10
Q

_____ theory states that behaviors are motivated by an organism’s attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance.

A. Drive-reduction
B. Homeostatic
C. Needs
D. Disequilibrium

A

A. Drive-reduction

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11
Q

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as extrinsic motivation; Intrinsic motivation is the idea that a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding for some other person

A. True; False
B. False; True
C. True; True
D. Face; False

A

C. True; True

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12
Q

“Adolf, I want to rule the world.” What type of need is he demonstrating?

A. Need for achievement
B. Need for affiliation
C. Need for power
D. Need for sex

A

C. Need for power

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13
Q

Sam believes that he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Sam have?

A. Internal locus of control
B. Decremental
C. Incidental
D. External locus of control

A

A. Internal locus of control

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14
Q

To explain the human universality and variability of emotions, Ekman and his associates _____.

A. Developed a concept of display rules which are rules for emotional expression

B. Developed an interobserver system to make sure that observers defined expressions reliably.

C. Interviewed all participants in order to assess unexpressed feelings and motivations

D. Monitored the brain waves of participants to determine which hemisphere had higher activation

A

A. Developed a concept of display rules which are rules for emotional expression

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15
Q

Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological changes and the cognitive labeling of the reason for the physical reaction?

A. The James-Lange theory
B. Activation theory
C. Cognitive arousal theory (two-factor theory)
D. The Cannon-Bard theory

A

C. Cognitive arousal theory (two-factor theory)

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16
Q

Hormones that are secreted by the pancreas after we begin to eat and control fat levels, proteins, and carbohydrates are called _____ and _____.

A. Insulin; Glucagon
B. Insulin; Serotonin
C. Glucagon; Serotonin
D. Glucagon; Necon

A

A. Insulin; Glucagon

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17
Q

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom which in turn prompts her fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?

A. Facial feedback
B. James-Lange
C. Cannon-Bard
D. Schachter-Singer

A

A. Facial feedback

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18
Q

The phrase “I’m embarrassed because my face is red” is best explained by which theory of emotion?

A. James-Lange
B. Cannon-Bard
C. Schachter Singer
D. Common sense theory of emotion

A

A. James-Lange

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19
Q

The _____ theory of motivation suggests a connection between internal physiological states and outward behavior.

A. Arousal
B. Drive-reduction
C. Incentive
D. Achievement

A

B. Drive-reduction

20
Q

Which of the following scenarios shows a focus on the lowest of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A. Makayla wants to live in a house with all the modern conveniences so that she may have more time to seek fulfillment from her career and family.

B. Spencer feels that he is a good salesman because he likes what he does and knows how to do it well.

C. Sin-Jun knows that, as a teacher, she is a good person because she realizes the importance of imparting knowledge to society.

D. Liam works hard as an attorney only so that he can attract more clients, more money, and be secure in the knowledge that his family can survive.

A

D. Liam works hard as an attorney only so that he can attract more clients, more money, and be secure in the knowledge that his family can survive.

21
Q

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

A. Drives
B. Instincts
C. Releasing behaviors
D. Universal behaviors

A

B. Instincts

22
Q

Kristen saw her ex-boyfriend and her heart began to race. According to cognitive arousal theory, is she happy to see him or frightened of him?

A. She is frightened because her emotional reaction came before her heart began to race.

B. You cannot tell because she is not displaying a basic emotion.

C. It depends on how she interprets the situation.

D. She must be frightened because her heart began to race before she reacted emotionally.

A

C. It depends on how she interprets the situation.

23
Q

Michael Phelps is an award-winning swimmer. His desire to compete and win is part of his need for _____.

A. Attention
B. Affiliation
C. Physical activity
D. Achievement

A

D. Achievement

24
Q

Compared to most people, Hendrix appears to need a high level of arousal. He enjoys potentially life-threatening hobbies such as skydiving, swimming with sharks, and bungee jumping from bridges. Hendrix is likely to be _____.

A. Foolhardy
B. A person high in nPow
C. A sensation seeker
D. A person high in nAff

A

C. A sensation seeker

25
Q

Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?

A. Bodily arousal occurs before emotional response
B. Emotions arise from learned triggers
C. Emotion is nothing but a reflexive response based on instincts
D. Bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

A

D. Bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

26
Q

What part of the brain seems to influence emotions such as fear and pleasure?

A. Thalamus
B. Pons
C. Amygdala
D. Thyroid gland

A

C. Amygdala

27
Q

Kevin has felt isolated and like an outsider since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to join a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Kevin may be attempting to meet the need of _____.

A. Freedom
B. Belongingness
C. Transcendence
D. Physiology

A

B. Belongingness

28
Q

Paul Ekman and his colleagues gathered abundant evidence supporting the universality of at least _____ basic facial expressions of emotion.

A. Three
B. Five
C. Seven
D. Nine

A

C. Seven

29
Q

Which statement best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A. Our hearts race, we see our crush, we feel nervous
B. We see our crush, we feel nervous, our hearts race
C. We see our crush, our hearts race, we feel nervous
D. We feel nervous, our hearts race, we see our crush

A

C. We see our crush, our hearts race, we feel nervous

30
Q

Andre says “I don’t care what I do as long as I am in control.” What need is he demonstrating?

A. Need for achievement
B. Need for power
C. Need for affiliation
D. Need for sex

A

B. Need for power

31
Q

Homeostasis refers to an imbalanced state of need that requires behavior; The instinct approach to motivation is the idea that motivation by humans is similar to that of animals.

A. True; False
B. False; True
C. True; True
D. False; False

A

B. False; True

32
Q

You just finished a cup of very strong coffee, which causes your body to have a general feeling of arousal. That afternoon, you walk past a cemetery where several people are crying at a graveside. According to Schachter and Singer, which of the following would most likely occur?

A. Your emotion would be sad, since the context would affect your labeling.

B. You would work very hard to control your emotion

C. Your emotion would be happy in spite of the scene at the graveyard.

D. Your emotional state would be impossible to predict.

A

A. Your emotion would be sad, since the context would affect your labeling.

33
Q

People who believe that they have control over aspects of their life have an external locus of control; A sensation seeker is a person who only engages in extreme, potentially life threatening acts.

A. True; False
B. False; True
C. True; True
D. False; False

A

D. False; False

34
Q

Which level of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy is epitomized by the slogan Be all that you can be?

A. Safety
B. Self-esteem
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization

A

D. Self-actualization

35
Q

Dylan gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town. He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works. Dylan is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n) __________ need.

A. Freedom
B. Belonging
C. Power
D. Aesthetic

A

D. Aesthetic

36
Q

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James Lange theory of emotion?

A. Stimulus > emotion > physiological changes
B. Stimulus > physiological changes > emotion
C. Physiological changes > stimulus > emotion
D. Stimulus ? emotion and physiological changes (simultaneous)

A

B. Stimulus > physiological changes > emotion

37
Q

Gwyneth says “I don’t care much about my grades as long as I’m the most popular girl in the class!” What need is she demonstrating?

A. Need for achievement
B. Need for affiliation
C. Need for power
D. Need for sex

A

B. Need for affiliation

38
Q

The process by which the facial expressions send messages to the brain about that basic emotion being expressed is called _____.

A. Facial feedback
B. Internal emotion work
C. Primary emotional prcessing
D. Body language

A

A. Facial feedback

39
Q

What is meant by a display rule?

A. An understanding of what behaviors can be expressed when someone is new to a situation

B. An understanding of when and under what conditions emotions and feelings may be displayed within a culture

C. An understanding of how children are to act in the presence of adults

D. An understanding of how to hide emotions from others

A

A. An understanding of what behaviors can be expressed when someone is new to a situation

40
Q

The frequent finding that asthmatics often experience shortness of breath concurrently with tremendous anxiety is an example of how emotions and physiological symptoms often occur simultaneously. As such, it supports which of the following theories of emotion?

A. Plutchik’s
B. The James-Lange
C. The Cannon-Bard
D. Schachter and Singer’s

A

C. The Cannon-Bard

41
Q

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next?

A. You experience physiological changes followed by fear
B. You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously
C. You feel fear followed by physiological changes
D. You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear

A

B. You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously

42
Q

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called primary drives; The need for money is an example of an acquired (secondary) drive

A. True; False
B. False; True
C. True; True
D. False; False

A

C. True; True

43
Q

According to Maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want to _____.

A. Fulfill one’s inborn potential
B. Have frequent contact with others
C. Possess as many material goods as possible
D. Convince others of one’s true worth

A

A. Fulfill one’s inborn potential

44
Q

One day at school, someone collides with you in the hallway and knocks you down, causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends, if you get knocked down, you do not express anger. What theory best explains how we label each situation and choose the appropriate emotion to show?

A. Facial feedback
B. James-Lange
C. Cannon-Bard
D. Schachter-Singer

A

D. Schachter-Singer

45
Q

Which of the following is one of the three inborn and universal needs that help people gain a complete sense of self and whole, healthy relationships with others, according to the self-determination theory?

A. Autonomy
B. Relevance
C. Incompetence
D. Rejection

A

A. Autonomy

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