Intro To Psych

Question 1

What type investigation designs are there

Answer 1

Experimental design

Quantitative observational design

Qualitative design

Question 2

What is a quantitative observational design?

Answer 2

If a researcher chooses to collect quantitative data by observing pre-existing criteria and variables, the study would be called a quantitative observational investigation described as having s quantitative observational design

Question 3

Main features of a quantitative observational design

Answer 3

No cause and effect

Cannot manipulate the IV because it is pre existing

Question 4

What is a qualitative design

Answer 4

A qualitative design is two common groups of investigations. These are focus groups and the Delphi technique

Question 5

Main features of qualitative design

Answer 5

Focus group and delphi technique

Question 6

What is a focus group

Answer 6

A focus group refers to a group interview technique that obtains data through discussion between research participants in a group setting.

Question 7

Advantages and disadvantages of focus group

Answer 7

Adv- it can encourage participants to talk

Disadv: participants might not feel comfortable to communicate

Question 8

What are the main features of a focus group

Answer 8

Features 6-12 people and is led by a facilitator

Question 9

What is Delphi technique

Answer 9

The Delphi technique uses a series of self-administered questionnaires and feedback to obtain the opinions of experts in a field of interest.

Question 10

What are advantages and disadvantages of the Delphi technique

Answer 10

Advantages- enables small or large groups of experts to be contacted easily

Disadvantages: forces consensus and the agreed upon opinion may have been weakened by not allowing discussion

Question 11

Main features of Delphi technique

Answer 11

Snowball effect

Questionnaire

Expert opinion

Question 12

What is Experimental design

Answer 12

An experimental design is used to test whether one variable or factor influences or caused change in another variable

Question 13

Main features of an experimental design are

Answer 13

Independent variable: the Iv is manipulated

Dependent variable: used to measure effects Dv

Extraneous variables

Random allocation

Question 14

What are extraneous barbican led

Answer 14

An unintended variable can cause changes in the dependent variable.

Such as

Participant variable: age, gender, culture

Situational variable: noise, temp, weather

Experimenter: attitude, observer bias

Question 15

What is random allocation in an experimental design

Answer 15

Participants are randomly allocated into two groups

• experimental group: receive the experiment
• control group: controlled and not exposed to the experiment

Question 16

Advantages and disadvantages of experimental design

Answer 16

Advantages: researcher attempts to control the conditions to prevent extraneous variables.

Involves iV to observe the effect on the DV

disadvantages: could be unethical or impossible to randomly assign participants to groups

Question 17

What is content analysis?

Answer 17

Content analysis is used to analyse data from focus groups and Delphi technique. (Using coding)

—-Careful reading of all responses and looking for patterns in what people said

Question 18

Advantages and disadvantages of of quantitative investigations

Answer 18

Advantages: can study some topics that experiments cannot

Disadvantages: does not allow conclusions about the cause and effect

Question 19

Advantages and disadvantages of qualitative investigations

Answer 19

Advantages: good for investigating attitude, opinions and experiences

Disadvantages: it is subjective

Question 20

Is there such thing as qualitative objective data

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What is objective data?

Answer 21

Objective data is based on measurements that are directly observed and proven

Question 22

What is subjective data?

Answer 22

Subjective data is based on self reports and is not factual information

Question 23

What is an objective quantitative measure

Answer 23

It collects numerical data using objective methods.

Such as:
Psychological: - body temp, heart rate, skin test

Behaviour count:- checklist

Standardised testing: -IQ Test, personality test

Question 24

What is reliability?

Answer 24

Reliability refers to how consistent the results of measurement are

Question 25

What is validity

Answer 25

Validity refers to whether s measurement took actually measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 26

What is face validity and external validity

Answer 26

Fave: refers to whether a measure appears as though what it is meant to measure

External: whether or not conclusions drawn from results are correct in other situations

Question 27

What is he mean median and mode

And standard deviation

Answer 27

Mean: is the average of scores (add scores and divide by how many)

Median: mid point

Range: difference between highest and lowest value

Standard deviation: summaries how far a score differs from the mean

Question 28

Ethics

Answer 28

Informed consent

Voluntary participation

Withdrawal rights

Confidentiality

Debriefing