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Psychology > Intro To Psych > Flashcards

Intro To Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

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2
Q

Mental processes

A

A persons thoughts and feelings that are personal and cannot be observed

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3
Q

Behaviour

A

External actions made by any living thing that can be observed

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4
Q

Psychologist

A

Studies psychology for four years at a university and may do additional studying or supervised practise

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5
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Completes a medical degree and specialises in psychiatry, able to prescribe medications and perform medical procedures

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6
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Data collected directly by observation or experimentation

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7
Q

Replication

A

Conducting a study again to establish if results can be duplicated, ensuring reliability

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8
Q

Pseudoscience

A

False science that claim to be scientific but lacks empirical evidence and replication

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9
Q

Sports Psychologist

A

Concerned with athlete performance and identifying factors influencing it

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10
Q

Forensic Psychologist

A

Applies psychological principles in the legal system

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11
Q

Clinical Psychologist

A

Focuses on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological and general health problems

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12
Q

Counselling Psychologist

A

Assists individuals, couples, and families with personal problems

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13
Q

Organisational Psychologist

A

Studies factors influencing productivity in workplaces

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14
Q

Educational Psychologist

A

Studies factors influencing the learning process from childhood to adulthood

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15
Q

Neuropsychologist

A

Studies the biological basis of behaviour and the impact of brain dysfunction on thinking and behaviour

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16
Q

Community Psychologist

A

Assists communities by implementing programs to support members wellbeing

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17
Q

Health Psychologist

A

Focuses on the prevention and treatment of physical illnesses

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18
Q

Differences between Psychologist and a Psychiatrist

A
  • Psychologists studies four years of psychology at a university and can do two years of extra studying or two years of supervised practicing. Whereas a psychiatrist does a medical degree and then can do a specialist of psychiatry.
  • A psychologist cannot perform medical procedures or prescribe medication whereas a psychiatrist can perform medical procedures and prescribe medications.
  • A psychologist work in all types of specialist areas whereas a psychiatrist focus on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental
    health problems
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19
Q

Similarities between Psychologist and Psychiatrist

A
  • Psychologists and Psychiatrists both study at a University
  • Psychologusts and Psychiatrists are both able to diagnose their patients
  • Both are trained to understand how your brain works, how you think and how you behave
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20
Q

Differences between Pseudoscience and Science

A
  • With psychology, more and more information is learnt meaning that it improves over time whereas pseudoscience nothing new is learnt so it lacks progress
  • Psychology relies on empirical evidence while Pseudoscience relies on personal anecdotes as evidence
  • Psychology uses a clearly defined hypothesis that can be tested under controlled environments whereas Pseudoscience has a hypothesis that is too vague to be tested or they avoid having a hypothesis being tested
21
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. Identify Research Problem
  2. Formulate a Hypothesis
  3. Design the Method
  4. Collect the Data
  5. Analyse the Data
  6. Interpret the Results
  7. Report the Findings
22
Q

Aim

A

A broad statement outlining the goal of a research investigation

23
Q

Sentence Structure for an Aim

A

“To investigate the effect of IV on DV”

24
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable manipulated by the researcher to observe it’s effects on the dependent variable; the cause variable

25
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable measured to assess the impact of changes in the independent variable; the effect variable

26
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Any variable apart from the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable and potentially affect the experiment results.

27
Q

Confounding Variable

A

Variables other than the independent variable that unintentionally affect the dependent variable, threatening the validity of the experiment

28
Q

Hypothesis

A

A prediction about the expected outcome of a research study based on existing knowledge and research

29
Q

Population

A

The entire group from which a sample is selected for a study

30
Q

Sample

A

A subset of the population used in a research study

31
Q

Random Sampimg

A

A method of selecting a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen

32
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting participants from each subgroup in proportion to their representation in the population

33
Q

Random Allocation

A

Assigning participants randomly to either the experimental or control group to ensure equal chance of being in either group

34
Q

Experimental Group/Condition

A

The group that is exposed to the independent variable in an experiment

35
Q

Control Group/Condition

A

The group not exposed to the independent variable, used as a baseline for comparison in an experiment

36
Q

Between Subjects Design

A

Participants are randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group in a research study

37
Q

Within Subjects Design

A

Participants experience both the experimental or control conditions in a research study

38
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Descriptive data that characterises qualities or attributes

39
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Data that is measured and expressed in numerical form

40
Q

Mean

A

The average value of a set of data

41
Q

Median

A

The middle value in a dataset when arranged in order to

42
Q

Mode

A

The value that appears most frequently in a dataset

43
Q

Withdrawal Rights

A

Involves a participants being able to discontinue their involvement in an experiment, at any time during or after the experiment, without any consequence. This right should be outlined in the informed consent process

44
Q

Deception

A

When knowing the true purpose of an experiment may affect the behaviour of the participants whilst in the study, an experimenter may choose to not inform the participants about the true purpose of the study. Must correct any resulting harmful. Ethics committee must approve research using deception

45
Q

Protection from harm

A

Involves actively avoiding causing harm. The benefits of the research must outweigh the harm or discomfort caused to the participant

46
Q

Debriefing

A

Ensures that at the end of the experiment, the participants leaves understanding the aim, results and conclusions. The participants questions are addressed

47
Q

Informed Consent

A

Informed: participants are given information about the research, their ethical rights and any risks involved.

Consent: must obtain written consent form participants

48
Q

Voluntary Participation

A

An individual is not forced or pressured to participate in an experiment

49
Q

Confidentiality

A

The privacy, protection and security of a participants personal information

Psychology (3 decks)

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