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Intro to Psychology > Intro to Psych > Flashcards

Intro to Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Means soul; represented as a butterfly

A

Psyche

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2
Q

Scientific study of the mind and behavior

A

Psychology

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3
Q

Life (Psychology)

A

Psyche

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4
Q

Explanation (Psychology)

A

Logos

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5
Q

Importance CT

A

Hones critical thinking skills

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6
Q

Importance CS

A

develop communication skills

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7
Q

Find solutions to specific personal or social problems

A

Applied research

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8
Q

Evaluate problems - anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests; help clients resolve problems and change

A

Clinical psychologist

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9
Q

Clients usually have adjustment problems but not serious psychological disorders

A

Counseling psychologists

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10
Q

Identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with learning

A

School psychologists

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11
Q

Focus on course planning and instructional methods for a school system rather than individual children

A

Educational psychologists

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12
Q

Sort out influences of heredity and the environment on development

A

Developmental psychologists

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13
Q

Determines influences on human thought processes, feelings, and behavior; concerned with issues - anxiety, aggression, sexual orientation, and gender roles

A

Personality psychologists

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14
Q

Tend to focus on social influences on behavior

A

Social psychologists

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15
Q

Study how environment and people interact with and influence each other

A

Environmental psychologists

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16
Q

Specialize - nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion

A

Experimental psychologists

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17
Q

Apply psychology to criminal justice system

A

Forensic psychologists

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18
Q

Help athletes concentrate on performance

A

Sport psychologists

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19
Q

Study effects of stress on health problems - headaches, cardiovascular disease, and cancer; guide clients to healthier routines

A

Health psychologists

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20
Q

Human behavior in organizations and the work place

A

Industrial-organizational psychologists

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21
Q

Scientific methods to create knowledge about causes of behavior

A

Research psychologists

22
Q

Human behavior is subject to rules and laws

A

Aristotle

23
Q

Think of behavior in terms of body and mind; behavior is influenced by external stimulus (person)

A

Democritus

24
Q

Suggested introspection

A

Socrates

25
Q

Careful examination of one’s own thoughts and emotions

A

Introspection

26
Q

Mind: sensations, feelings, images = experience; mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience

A

Structuralism

27
Q

Who follows structuralism and helped establish experimental psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

28
Q

How experience helps us function more adaptively in our environment; behavior was driven by a number of instinct which aid survival; proposes that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained

A

Functionalism

29
Q

Who follows functionalism and was influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

William James

30
Q

Study of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses

A

Behaviorism

31
Q

Founder of American behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

32
Q

Believe that organism behave in ways because they have been reinforced

A

BF Skinner

33
Q

Stimulus that follows a response and increases frequency of response

A

Reinforcement

34
Q

Organize perceptions into wholes and integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns; whole experience grater than studying individual parts

A

Gestalt Psychology

35
Q

Founders of gestalt psychology

A

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler

36
Q

Stimulus is perceived by humans in its “most simple form”

A

Law of simplicity

37
Q

Based on immediacy

A

Proximity

38
Q

Similar to each other

A

Similarity

39
Q

Object is incomplete

A

Closure

40
Q

Differentiation of object from surrounding area

A

Figure & Ground

41
Q

Focus on unconscious mind, dreams, and role of early childhood experiences in shaping behavior

A

Psychoanalysis

42
Q

Coined “penis envy;” and fascinated by patients suffering from hysteria and neurosis

A

Sigmund Freud

43
Q

Emphasizes potential for good that is innate to all humans

A

Humanism

44
Q

Proposed hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior - needs met = motivate behavior

A

Abraham Maslow

45
Q

Used client-centered therapy in helping clients deal with problematic issues resulting in them seeking psychotherapy

A

Carl Rogers

46
Q

Patient takes lead role in therapy session; 3 features for effectiveness of practice: unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy

A

Client-centered therapy

47
Q

Therapists accept client for who they are

A

Unconditional postive regard

48
Q

Influenced by all historical perspectives in psychology

A

Contemporary psychology

49
Q

Emphasis on the effect of social expectations and context on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to research and practice in psychology

A

Feminist psychology

50
Q

Coined “womb envy;” and argued that psychology is male-centered

A

Karen Horney

51
Q

Propose young girls feel deprived and envious of not having a penis

A

Penis envy

Intro to Psychology (8 decks)

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