Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM Exam 1 - Spring > Intro to Posture and Posture Assessment > Flashcards

Intro to Posture and Posture Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of posture?

A

The relative position of different joints at any given moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Any posture that does not satisfy the attributes of “good or correct/ balanced” posture = _____ _____

A

Faulty Posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do we look at posture?

A
  • Notice structural variations
  • Notice altered mechanics
  • Notice muscle imbalances
  • Notice residual effects of a previous pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When looking at a base of support and center or gravity chart, what does the “X” represent?

A

Vertical projection of COG within the BOS … basically the X will be in the middle of your feet when standing and walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the COG?

A
  • Point at which mass is evenly distributed
  • “Balance” point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With a patient who has had a R unilateral AKA, how will the COG affect the patients perception of balance? (where does the COG move?)

A

COG will shift towards the stance leg to level out the balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

With a narrowed BOS will a person generally become more or less balanced?

A

Less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the COG need to move relative to the BOS before walking?

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of “correct/ balanced posture”?

A
  • “The optimal alignment of the patients body that allows the neuromuscular system to preform actions requiring the least amount of energy to achieve the desired effect”
  • Position at which minimum stress is applied to each joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The position of each joint has an effect on other joints. What are two examples of this?

A
  • Anterior tilt of the pelvis –> increased hip flexion and lumbar spine extension
  • Thoracic kyphosis –> increased cervical spine extension as compensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of faulty posture?

A

Any static position that increases the stress to the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a “pathology” in reference to posture?

A

If joints are hyper or hypomobile or if muscles are shortened, lengthened or weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of effect does a kyphotic- lordotic posture cause?

A
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Excessive lordotic extension
  • Lengthened hip extensors (ex: biceps femoris)
  • Lengthened abdominals (ex: external obliques)
  • Shortened hip flexors (leads to increased hip flexion)
  • Thoracic extensions lengthened
  • Thoracic (chest) muscles shortened
  • Shortened neck extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of effect does a sway back posture posture cause?

A
  • Posterior tilted pelvis
  • Shortened hip extensors (greater hip extension in this position)
  • Lengthened hip flexors
  • Flatter lordosis of the lumbar spine
  • Upper trunk shifts backwards
  • Lengthened upper back muscles
  • Shortened chest muscles
  • Shortened neck muscles
  • Knees are hyper extended
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of effect does a flat back posture posture cause?

A
  • Posterior pelvic tilt
  • Shortened hip extensors
  • Lengthened hip flexors
  • Lengthened upper back muscles
  • Shortened chest muscles
  • Shortened neck muscles
  • Flat thoracic to lumbar spine
  • Entire body has a slight forward tilt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When the abdominals contract which way do they pull the pelvis? anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When the hip extensors contract which way do they pull the pelvis? anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles might lock someone in a posterior tilt?

A
  • Strong abdominals and hip extensors
  • Weak hip flexors and low back extensors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles will cases the pelvis to tilt anterior?

A
  • Strong hip flexors and low back extensors
  • Weak abdominals and hip extensors
20
Q

What might cause deviations from optimal alignment?

A

Changes in position or malalignment of one body segment will cause changes in adjacent and other body segments as body seeks to adjust or compensate for the malalignment

21
Q

If stress is maintained over a long period of time and muscles shorten what might this prevent?

A

Full ROM

22
Q

If stress is maintained over a long period of time and muscles lengthen what might this alter?

A

Lengthen- tension relationship

23
Q

If stress is maintained over a long period of time and ligaments shorten what might this limit?

A

ROM

24
Q

If stress is maintained over a long period of time and ligaments lengthen what might this decrease?

A

Ability to provide stability

25
Q

What are some structural factors that affect posture?

A
  • Developmental factors like scoliosis or congenital abnormalities (ex: hemivertebrae)
  • Neurological factors like muscle tone or laxity of ligamentous structures
26
Q

What are some positional factors that affect posture?

A
  • Poor postural endurance such as sitting or standing for long periods of time that lead to slouching due to weakness or prolonged faulty positioning
  • Psychological factors such as not wanting to appear taller than peers
  • Muscle imbalance or contractures
  • Pain
  • Respiratory conditions
27
Q

When preforming a postural assessment how should you best prepare your patient?

A
  • Patient should be adequately undressed
  • Posture should be examined in usual, relaxed standing posture
  • Look for asymmetries (some abnormalities between sides is normal)
  • Frontal (anterior/posterior) and sagittal (lateral) views
28
Q

What are the body landmarks you are looking at for a postural assessment?

A
  • Behind the coronal suture
  • Through the external auditory meatus
  • Through the dens of the axis
  • Through cervical vertebral bodies
  • Through lumbar vertebral bodies
  • Through sacral promontory
  • Slightly behind the hip joint
  • Slightly anterior to the knee joint
  • Slightly anterior to the ankle joint
  • Through the calcaneocuboid joint
29
Q

What are the surface landmarks you are looking at for a postural assessment?

A
  • Through the ear lobe
  • Through the shoulder joint
  • Midway of the trunk
  • Through the greater trochanter
  • Slightly anterior to the knee joint
  • Slightly anterior to the ankle joint
30
Q

When preforming a sagittal analysis where should your line of gravity fall?

A
  • ANterior to the ankle (lateral malleolus)
  • Through or anterior to the knee (posterior to patella)
  • Through or posterior to the hip (common hip axis)
  • Posterior to or through the thoracic spine
  • Through the acromion
  • Through or anterior to the atlanto- occipital joint (earlobe)
31
Q

What are your looking for at the ankle with a sagittal posture assessment?

A

Is the ankle excessive plantar-flexed or dorsiflexed

32
Q

What are your looking for at the knee with a sagittal posture assessment?

A

Genu recrvatum (excessive knee hyperextension)

33
Q

What is Genu recrvatum typically caused by?

A

Usually caused by limited ankle dorsiflexion or fixed plantarflexion position of the ankle (ankle equinus)

34
Q

What are your looking for at the pelvis with a sagittal posture assessment?

A

Anterior or posterior tilting

35
Q

What are your looking for at the spine with a sagittal posture assessment?

A
  • Lumbar spine: excessive lordosis or flattened curve
  • Thoracic spine: excessive kyphosis or thoracic spine flexion
  • Shoulders: rounded/ forward
  • Cervical spine: excessive lordosis or forward head posture
36
Q

When preforming a frontal analysis where should your line of gravity fall?

A
  • Symmetrically between two feet
  • Through the umbilicus
  • Through the xiphoid process
  • Through the chin and nose
  • Between the eyes
37
Q

What should you be looking for in a frontal plane analysis?

A
  • Angle of the head in the frontal plane
  • Shoulder height asymmetry (dominant is usually a little more depressed)
  • Spinal curve deviations
  • Level of iliac crests and PSIS
  • Knee position in frontal plane (varum/ valgum)
  • Ankle (calcaneal/ rearfoot) position (varum/ valgum)
38
Q

Is it normal when looking at the feet in the frontal plane from the posterior side to be able to see the last two toes?

A

Yes

39
Q

What should you be looking for in the knees in a frontal plane position analysis?

A

Genu varum (bowed legs) and genu valgum (knock knees) … remember GUM sticks together so valgum is knock knees

40
Q

What should you be looking for in the foot/ ankle in a frontal plane position analysis?

A

Rearfoot varus/ valgus … should be examined in NWB as well as in standing

41
Q

What should you be looking for in the pelvis in a frontal plane position analysis?

A
  • Lateral pelvic tilt
  • Which way is her pelvis tilting
  • What is this doing to the hips
  • Which leg might be longer
42
Q

What should you be looking for in the scapula in a frontal plane position analysis?

A
  • Distance from thoracic spine
  • Protraction
  • Up/down rotation
  • Winging: Serratus Anterior –> Long thoracic (C5-C7)
  • Normal for scapula to be lower on dominant side
43
Q

What should you be looking for in the shoulders in a frontal plane position analysis?

A

Asymmetries between acromion processes

44
Q

What should you be looking for in the head in a frontal plane position analysis?

A

Lateral flexion to either side … you can look at the ears

45
Q

Why is seated posture important?

A

It effects the load and pressure on intervertebral discs

46
Q

What kind of pressure is applied as we decrease our hip angle in sitting?

A

Increased pressure: 100% in standing, 105% at 110 degrees of hip flexion to 190 degrees plus at 80 degrees of hip flexion

47
Q

What are tips for good sitting posture? (this is longgg)

A
  • Keep the feet flat or resting them on the floor or a footrest
  • Avoid crossing the knees or ankles
  • Maintain a small gap between the back of the knees and the
    chair
  • Position the knees at the same height or slightly lower than the
    hips
  • Place the ankles in front of the knees
  • Relax the shoulders
  • Keep the forearms and knees parallel to the floor where
    possible
  • Hold the elbows at the sides, creating an L-shape in the arms
  • Sit up straight and looking forward without straining the neck
  • Keep the back against the chair or using a backrest or cushion if
    there are places where the back does not comfortably meet the
    chair, especially in the lower back region
  • Avoid sitting for extended periods, ideally taking at least a 10-
    minute break for every hour of sitting
  • Switch positions regularly

PCM Exam 1 - Spring (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions