Intro To Philo [2] Flashcards
What is episteme?
Fact or truth
___ is sometji ing concretr that can be proven.
Fact
What is doxa
Opinion
It is a view formed in the mind of a person about a particular issue
Opinion
Truth needs to be ________ evidence.
Supported by factual evidence.
Opinions are ____
Putative facts
Claim is a statement that are not _________
Evidently or immediately known to be true
Conclusion is a _____ based on certain facts
Judgement
Beliefs are statements that?
Not easily and clearly explained by fact
What are Arguments
Statements that provide reasons to convince
The ability to determine Truth goes hand in hand with the ____?
Holistic perspective anf enable us to make wiser decisions
An argument that may seem strong but is proven wrong with reasoning and further examination
Fallacies
A fallacy that attacks the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument the person is making
Ad Hominem
Using threat or force or an undesirable event to advance an argument
Appeal to force
A falllacy that using emotion as pity or sympathy
Appeal to emotion
A fallacy that is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it
Appeal to popular
A fallacy assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole.
Fallacy of composition
Opinions are often influenced by ____
Bias
A distortion of judgement that relies on a factor other than logic in coming to conclusions
Biases
A person or gorup is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed.
“As the daughter of the accused, I believe I have the right to express”
Conflict of interest
Analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standard
Cultural Bias
Tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her actions without regard for ecternal factors or influence
Correspondence bias or attribution effects
“These soldiers who fought in the war are all bloodthirsty murderers”
Tendency to look for and readily accpett information which fits one’a beliefs or view that go against it
“How can i accept his view that there is no god? I am a christian”
Confirmation bias
3 major methods in philosophy
Socratic method
Methodic doubt
Phenomenology
Elenchus is a latin term thst originated from yhe ancient greek term elengkos which means?
Argument of refutation
These questions make students think about the presuppositions and unquestioned bliefs on which they are founding their argument
Probinh assumptions
Questions get students to think more about what they are asking or thinking about. Provve the concepte behind their argument
Clarifying concepts
Dig into that reasoning rather than assuming it is a given
Peobing rationale, reasons and evidence
Most argument are given from particular position. So attack the position. Show tht there are other equally valif, viewpoints
Questioning viewpoints and perspectives
The argument a student gives may have logical implications that can be forecast
Probing implication and consequences
You can get reflexive about the whole thing, Turning yhe question on itself. Bounce the ball back into their court.
Questioning the question
“No one must rely wholly on experience as source of knowledge”
Descartes
Doubting everythinh until what is left is already beyond doubt.
Methodic doubt or cartesian philosophy
Who said “Cogito ergo sum” (i think therefore, I exist)
Descartes
It is the rational explanation or study of the phenomena.
Phenomenology
Who said “i can never know the thing as it is in itself (noumenon); all i can know is the thing as it appears to me (phenomena).”
Immanuel Kant
Truth may never be absolute but it has to be _____
Tangible
____ emphasizes on the meaning of things experienced to the one experiencing it, is one such method that is about subjectivity. It is looking at the world from the first POV
Phenomenology as tangible truth
