Intro to pharmacology - route of admn & basics Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics - what is it ? … mechanism ?
What the body does to the drug
- absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
Pharmcodynamics
what drug does to the body
includes : mechanism action + effect of the drug
what constituets pharmcotherapy
prevention
treatment
diagnosis
What are the principles in drug administration
Safety
Rationalizing
montioring
individualizing
What is rationalisation of drug? & principles
drugs given match the clinical need
dosage must meet the individuls requirement
for an adequate period of time
at low cost for both community & patient
(effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of various drugs to make informed decisions about their use.)
Effects of irrational prescription
Delay in cure
More adverse effects
loss patients confidence
Lowering health standards
Causes of irrational prescription
Underprescribing - not enough dosage
Incorrect prescribing
Over prescribing
How to choose best way to treat a condition?
-is drug therapy indicated ? and if so
-which drug is best for condition?
-which route is most effective ?
-which formulation ? capsule , rectum , serum
-Which dosage regimen? - during the night , after meals , day , how many times in a day.
What is P-drug ( personal drug)
Drug that you have become familiar with and choose to prescribe regulary.
- all categories of drugs there is a p-drug (prototype drug)
Advantages of P-drugs
Convinent
confidence
master easily
predictable
less complications
simpler healthcare management
What are the major classification of routes of drug administration
Enteral
Paraenteral
Topical
Describe Enteral & give examples
Def : delivery of drug through GIT(then absorbed) from the mouth
Example : oral , sublingual , rectal
Define Parenteral & give examples
Def : delivery of drug directly into body through IV
Example:
- intravenous/intraarterial
- subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- intradermally
Define topical and give examples
Def: apply the drug directly onto the surface of skin / mucous membranes - allowing for local action of drug on the specific area applied
Examples
- Nasal(spray) , auditory(drops) , mucosal , conjunctival
- Vaginal & urethral
- Inunction (ointment , cream ) & dermal
What are facotrs that govern the route of drug administration ?
1.Physical & chemical properties of drug
2.Rate & extent of absorption
3.effects of digestive juices - can it withstand
4.site of desired action
5.rapidity of desired response
6.accuracy of dosage
7.condition of patient - child cannot swallow tablets