Intro To Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacology
-study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes especially by binding to regulatory molecule receptors and activate or inhibits normal body processes
Primary interest of drugs and secondary
Drugs that - treat - prevent - diagnose ( diseases )
-substances that cause poisoning, environmental pollutants and drug abuse
Drug
Any chemical agent that affect processes of living organisms through its chemical actions
Types of drugs
- synthetic
- natural
Aim of drug
To achieve beneficial therapeutic effect on patient or to achieve toxic effect on regulatory processes of foreign pathogen’s parasites infecting host
Important characteristics and terms of use
- selectivity of its effects
- must produce desirable effect with tolerable undesired effects
Medicine
Chemical preparation which usually (but not always) contains one or more drugs administered with intention of producing therapeutic effect
What identifies a drug
The substance must be administered rather than released by physiological mechanisms
Pharmacokinetics
Studies what is the body does to the Drugs deals with absorption distribution biotransformation and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics
Studies what the drug does go the body
study of biological and physiological effect of drugs in the mechanism of action
Pharamcogenomics
Studies the relationship between an individuals genetic make up to his or her response to a specific drug
What does pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics describe
The relationship between dose of the drug and utility of that drug in treating a patient disease
these factors along with the dosage determine
1 concentration of a drug at a site
2 intensity of its effect overtime
3 ways of Drug nomenclature
1 chemical name
2 non-proprietary name
3 proprietary name
Chemical name
Gives chemical constitution of the drug giving precise arrangement of atoms and atomic groups in a molecule
Non-proprietary name
Chemical name of active in ingredient in a formulation
2 classes of non-proprietary name
1 approved / generic name -Name given to a drug before it becomes official not capitalized may be used by anyone
2 official name - may be same as generic. Used in pharmacopoeia ( Publication or book containing list of drugs their effects and directional use )
Proprietary name
- trade name given by manufacturer and its trademark
- can I have more than one name if the medicine is manufactured by more than one company
- name unique to formulation
What is minimum effective plasma conc and peak plasma conc
- conc of drug beyond which desired effects are observed. ( a certain threshold is met )
- time at which all administered drug has been absorbed
Describe times of drug plasma conc curve
T1- time of administration
T1-T2 - time taken to reach onset of action
T3 - peak plasma conc. All drug absorbed
T2-T4 - duration of effective plasma conc
T1-T5 - time taken to completely expel drug from system
Why won’t some drugs never reach their peak effect
In what form is drug expelled
What is MTD and MED
/they have numerous processes that have to occur 1st
-as itself unchanged or it’s by product
- max tolerable dose
- minimum effective dose
What does second dose increase in conc during repeat administration
What does steady state plasm conc mean
- there will still be some remains from the initial dose
- rate of administration = rate of excretion
Purpose of steady state of repeat doses
Effect of more than MTD and less than MED
-to ensure that plasma conc of drug required is in a known and safe range
- anything more than MTD will be toxic
- less than MED won’t be effective
What is bioavailability
It’s purpose
- fraction of drug administered that reaches system circulation in a chemically unchanged form
- measure Extend if drug absorption
How is bioavailability measured
What situation will entire dose enter circulation
What does area under bioavailability curve measure
-plot graph of IV dose and oral dose on graph
-measure area under graph
Use formulae ( AUC oral / AUC IV ) x 100
When administered through IV
-extend of exposure Of drug
