Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Intro to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pro-drug?

A

Converted to active drug in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pharmacotherapeutics?

A

Study appropriate use of meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pharmacoeconomics?

A

Study methods to evaluate value between therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pharmacoepidemiology?

A

Study use and effects of meds in large populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the key aspects of each drug class?

A

Drug name and class (MOA vs chemical) MOA Indications/Uses Toxicities via side effects and contraindications Monitoring Drug Interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Suffix of beta blockers

A

-lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Suffix of alpha blockers

A

-sin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suffix of ACE inhibitors

A

-pril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Suffix of H2 antagonists (blockers)

A

-ine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Suffix of proton pump inhibitors

A

-zole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Suffix of calcium channel antagonists (blockers)

A

-ipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Suffix of diuretics

A

-ide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can all substances be poisons?

A

DOSAGE/amount ingested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors contribute to concentration of drug at action sites?

A

BMI (physiological) pathologies genetics interaction with other drugs tolerance and desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What leads to drug therapy failure primarily?

A

med errors and patient compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is MEC and its relation to TI?

A

Minimum effective concentration TI is therapeutic index between MEC for desired response and adverse response –>high TI, hard to overdose (benzos) –> low TI, hard to get right dose and easy to have adverse response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs have low TIs?

A

Digoxin Lithium Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the usual lag period for drugs?

A

20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are liquid drugs used over solid drugs in hospital/emergent settings?

A

Liquids have higher surface area, so absorb faster and bypass lag period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe additive drugs

A

Both drugs together give expected effect

2+3=5

Alcohol and Diphenhydramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe synergistic drugs

A

Multiple interactions have more than expected effect

3+3=9

Alcohol and alpraxolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is alcohol and alprazolam deadly?

A

Alprazolam is a benzo with high TI so can’t overdose easily

However once alcohol is ingested, increases rxn that kills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe potentiation of drugs

A

Something that isn’t toxic by itself becomes toxic with another drug

2+0=4

alcohol and CCl4 becomes a free radical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the types of antagonistic mechanisms?

A

Functional: different receptors produce opposite effects (adrenergic + vasodilator)

Chemical: counters effect of another to decrease overall (EDTA with lead or arsenic poisoning)

Dispositional: metabolism altered to decrease concentration or duration (give ethanol with methanol poisonin= Competitive Antagonist)

Receptor: change configuration or specificity (narcan high specificity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Give example of drug with deleterious pharmacological effects

A

anti-cancer agents, adriamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Give example of pathological deleterious effects

A

INH to treat TB can lead to kidney damage if not monitored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

GIve example of genotoxic deleterious effects

A

thalidomide used as a sedative in pregnent mothers–> phocomelia (no limbs) in newborns

28
Q

What is pharmaceutical equivalence?

A

Same ingredients, dosage form and route, strength/concentration, purity standards

29
Q

What is pharmaceutical alternatives?

A

SAME DRUG but different complexes, dosages or strengths

30
Q

What is therapeutic equivalence?

A

Pharmaceutically equivalent and has same effect and safety

31
Q

What is bioequivalence?

A

Similar rae and extent of absorption

80-125% of reference product

32
Q

What is the main difference between A and B FDA codes?

A

A is therapeutically quivalent

B is not

33
Q

What is 1/1000 of a gram?

A

milligram (mg)

34
Q

WHat is 1/1000th of a milligram?

A

microgram (mcg)

35
Q

Describe Schedule 1 drug

A

Illegal for all non-research use

Marijuana, LSD, PCP, Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

36
Q

Describe Schedule 2 drug

A

Must be original and hand delivered to pharmacy (no telephone or refills)

opioids, cannabinoids, amphetamines, phenobarbital

37
Q

Describe Schedule 3 drug

A

New prescription after 6 months or 5 refills

(same drugs as 2–>opioids, amphetamines etc.)

38
Q

Describe Schedule 4 drug

A

Prescription written after 6 months or 5 refills

low potential for abuse and dependence

propoxyphene, phenteramine, alprazolam

39
Q

Describe Schedule 5 drug

A

Non opioid prescription or no prescription

40
Q

When do drug schedules switch from high potential for abuse to low potential?

A

After Schedule 3

41
Q

What are the pregnancy categories used by FDA as of 2015?

A

Pregnancy (L&D)

Lactation

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

42
Q

q.i.d

A

4 times per day

43
Q

q.o.d

A

every other day

44
Q

hs

A

at bedtime

45
Q

ac

A

before meals

46
Q

pc

A

after meals

47
Q

o.d.

A

right eye

48
Q

o.s.

A

left eye

49
Q

o.u.

A

both eyes

50
Q

a.d.

A

right ear

51
Q

a.s.

A

left ear

52
Q

a.u.

A

both ears

53
Q

gtt

A

drops

54
Q

qd

A

every day

55
Q

p.r.

A

per rectum

56
Q

NGT

A

nasogastric tube

57
Q

OGT

A

orogastric tube

58
Q

exlir.

A

liquid or syrup

59
Q

supp.

A

inserted rectally

60
Q

c with line over it

A

with

61
Q

IVPB

A

IV piggyback

62
Q

Dosage formula

A

ordered/supply x quantity

63
Q

Order 30mg, 60mg supply, 1 tablet

A

30/60 * 1 = 0.5mg dose

1 dose is 1/2 tablet

64
Q

Which is more potent?

A

B

65
Q

Which is more efficient?

A

Everything except B

66
Q

What is less potent than B and A and effective?

A

C and D

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions