Intro to Pharmacology

Question 1

What is medicine?

Answer 1

a drug that is administered for its value as a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent.

Question 2

What is a drug?

Answer 2

any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or the body.

Question 3

What are the three medical uses of drugs?

Answer 3

1. to prevent disease
2. to diagnose disease
3. to treat disease

Question 4

What is prophalaxis?

Answer 4

the administration of a preventative drug

Question 5

When was the first apothecary shop established in the U.S?

Answer 5

1729

Question 6

When was the first hospital based pharmacy established in the U.S?

Answer 6

1751

Question 7

What is a pharmacopeia?

Answer 7

a comprehensive list of all drugs and their ingredients

Question 8

When was the United States Pharmacopeia first published?

Answer 8

1820

Question 9

What plant is digoxin (Lanoxin) derived from?

Answer 9

foxglove plant

Question 10

What is digoxin used to treat?

Answer 10

congestive heart failure

Question 11

What plant is morphine derived from?

Answer 11

poppy

Question 12

What plant is colchicine derived from?

Answer 12

autumn crocus

Question 13

What is colchicine used to treat?

Answer 13

gout

Question 14

What plant is metformin derived from?

Answer 14

French lilac

Question 15

What is metformin used to treat?

Answer 15

diabetes

Question 16

What plant is vincristine derived from?

Answer 16

periwinkle

Question 17

What is vincristine used to treat?

Answer 17

cancer

Question 18

What plant is paclitaxel derived from?

Answer 18

Pacific yew tree

Question 19

What is paclitaxel used to treat?

Answer 19

cancer

Question 20

What plant did aspirin originate from?

Answer 20

willow tree (bark)

Question 21

What is auranofin (Ridaura) used to treat?

Answer 21

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 22

What is auranofin derived from

Answer 22

gold (Au)

Question 23

What is molecular manipulation?

Answer 23

changing the molecular structure of a drug

Question 24

What is an isomer?

Answer 24

a molecule that is similar to another molecule, with the same number and types of atoms, but differs in the arrangement and position of those atoms and their chemical bonds

Question 25

What is pharmacogenetics?

Answer 25

the knowledge of how the genetic makeup of different people affects their responses to drugs

Question 26

What is the Connectivity Map?

Answer 26

a computer database that shows connections between a person’s genes, diseases, and drugs

Question 27

What is rDNA technology?

Answer 27

It is genetic manipulation process that uses enzymes to cut apart segments of DNA. Gene cloning produces a large supply of DNA segments. These segments are then transferred from the host organism into a recipient organism.

Question 28

What was the first rDNA drug approved by the FDA?

Answer 28

Human insulin

Question 29

What is monoclonal antibody drugs?

Answer 29

laboratory-made proteins that mimic the body's natural antibodies. They are designed to target and bind to specific proteins (antigens) on cells or viruses, triggering an immune response

Question 30

When was the first monoclonal antibody drug created?

Answer 30

1986

Question 31

What are drugs that have the suffix -mab

Answer 31

monoclonal antibody drugs

Question 32

What is gene replacement therapy?

Answer 32

creating a person’s missing or nonfunctional gene in a laboratory

Question 33

How are gene replacement drugs administered?

Answer 33

intravenously

Question 34

What is an orphan drug?

Answer 34

A (new) drug that is used to treat rare diseases

Question 35

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 35

the effects of drugs in the body and the mechanism of their action, based on time and dose

Question 36

What is a frequency distribution curve?

Answer 36

The number of animals who responded or did not respond to the drug at a particular dose

Question 37

What is a therapeutic index?

Answer 37

The relative margin of safety between the dose that produces a therapeutic effect and the dose that produces a toxic effect in animals

Question 38

Is a drug preferred to have a higher or lower therapeutic index?

Answer 38

Higher. This means there is a larger margin between safe and toxic doses

Question 39

During what phase of clinical drug trials are 10-100 healthy volunteers tested?

Answer 39

Phase I

Question 40

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 40

movement of the drug through the body and its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 41

How long does phase I of a clinical drug trial normally last?

Answer 41

1.5 years

Question 42

During what phase of clinical drug trails are 50-500 diseased patients tested?

Answer 42

Phase II

Question 43

How long does phase II of a clinical drug trial normally last?

Answer 43

2 years

Question 44

During what phase of clinical drug trials are double-blind trials performed?

Answer 44

Phase III

Question 45

How long does phase III of a clinical drug trial normally last?

Answer 45

3 years

Question 46

What does a.c. mean?

Answer 46

before meals

Question 47

What does b.i.d. mean?

Answer 47

twice a day

Question 48

What does Dx mean?

Answer 48

diagnosis

Question 49

What does gtt mean?

Answer 49

drops

Question 50

What does h.s. mean?

Answer 50

at bedtime

Question 51

What does n.p.o mean?

Answer 51

nothing by mouth

Question 52

What does p.c mean?

Answer 52

after meals

Question 53

What does p.o mean?

Answer 53

by mouth

Question 54

What does p.r.n. mean?

Answer 54

as needed

Question 55

What does q.a.m. mean?

Answer 55

every morning

Question 56

What does q.d. mean?

Answer 56

daily

Question 57

What does q.h.s mean?

Answer 57

daily at bedtime

Question 58

What does q.i.d. mean?

Answer 58

four times a day

Question 59

What does SQ mean?

Answer 59

subcutaneous

Question 60

What does t.i.d. mean?

Answer 60

three times daily