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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic term for GERD?

A

heartburn

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2
Q

How does GERD occur?

A

When hydrochloric acid and stomach contents are allowed to flow back into the esophagus.

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3
Q

What are antacids?

A

Weak bases that exert therapeutic effect by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

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4
Q

What kind of drug is aluminum hydroxide?

A

antacid

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5
Q

What kind of drug is calcium carbonate?

A

antacid

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6
Q

What is the brand name for calcium carbonate?

A

Tums

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7
Q

What kind of drug is magnesium hydroxide?

A

antacid

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8
Q

What is another name for magnesium hydroxide?

A

milk of magnesium (MOM)

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9
Q

What drugs are in Alka-Seltzer?

A

sodium bicarbonate and aspirin

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10
Q

What drugs are in Di-Gel?

A

aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

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11
Q

What drugs are in Gaviscon?

A

aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

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12
Q

What drugs are in Gelusil, Mylanta and Maalox?

A

aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and simethicone

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13
Q

What drugs are in Roloids?

A

calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone

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14
Q

How do H2 blockers work?

A

It blocks antihistamine receptors, which then stops the production of hydrochloric acid.

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15
Q

What is the suffix common to H2 blockers?

A

-tidine

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16
Q

What kind of drug is cimetidine?

A

H2 blocker

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17
Q

What is the brand name for cimetidine?

A

Tagamet

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18
Q

What is the generic name for Tagamet?

A

cimetidine

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19
Q

What kind of drug is famotidine?

A

H2 block

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20
Q

What is the brand name for famotidine?

A

Pepcid

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21
Q

What is the generic name for Pepcid?

A

famotidine

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22
Q

What kind of drug is nizatide?

A

H2 blocker

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23
Q

What was the first H2 blocker approved for OTC use by the FDA?

A

Pepcid (famotidine)

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24
Q

What H2 blocker was taken off the market completely?

A

Zantac (ranitidine)

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25
Q

When was Zantac taken off the market?

A

2020

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26
Q

What is the common suffix for proton pump inhibitor drugs?

A

-prazole

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27
Q

How are proton pump inhibitor drugs different than H2 blocker drugs?

A

Proton pump inhibitor drugs have a longer-lasting effect (24 hours) because they decrease more hydrochloric acid.

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28
Q

What kind of drug is dexlansoprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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29
Q

What is the brand name for dexlansoprazole?

A

Dexilant

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30
Q

What is the generic name for Dexilant?

A

dexlansoprazole

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31
Q

What kind of drug is esomeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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32
Q

What is the brand name for esomeprazole?

A

Nexium

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33
Q

What is the generic name for Nexium?

A

esomeprazole

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34
Q

What kind of drug is lansoprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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35
Q

What is the brand name for lansoprazole?

A

Prevacid

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36
Q

What is the generic name for Prevacid?

A

lansoprazole

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37
Q

What kind of drug is omeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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38
Q

What is the brand name for omeprazole?

A

Prilosec

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39
Q

What is the generic name for Prilosec?

A

omeprazole

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40
Q

What kind of drug is pantoprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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41
Q

What is the brand name for pantoprazole?

A

Protonix

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42
Q

What is the generic name for Protonix?

A

pantoprazole

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43
Q

What kind of drug is rabeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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44
Q

What is the brand name for rabeprazole?

A

AcipHex

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45
Q

What is the generic name for AcipHex?

A

rabeprazole

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46
Q

How do gastric stimulant drugs work?

A

They increase the stimulation of stomach contractions, allowing the stomach to empty more frequently.

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47
Q

What kind of drug is metoclopramide?

A

gastric stimulant

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48
Q

What is the brand name for metoclopramide?

A

Reglan

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49
Q

What is the generic name for Reglan?

A

metoclopramide

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50
Q

What does the root pept(o) mean?

A

digestion

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51
Q

How does an ulcer form?

A

When the protective surface of the mucous membrane is removed, then pepsin breaks down the underlying mucous membrane.

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52
Q

How do prostaglandin drugs work?

A

They stimulate mucous production (protective barrier), bicarbonate secretion (raises pH), and inhibits HCl production

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53
Q

What kind of drug is misoprostol?

A

prostaglandin

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54
Q

What is the brand name for misoprostol?

A

Cyotec

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55
Q

What is the generic name for Cyotec?

A

misoprostol

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56
Q

What kind of drug is sucralfate?

A

surface protectant

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57
Q

What is the brand name for sucralfate?

A

Carafate

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58
Q

What is the generic name for Carafate?

A

sucralfate

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59
Q

What does the root word emet(o) mean?

A

vomiting

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60
Q

What are antiemetic drugs?

A

Drugs that control nausea and vomiting

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61
Q

How do anticholinergic drugs work?

A

The decrease stomach contractions

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62
Q

What kind of drug is scopolamine?

A

anticholinergic

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63
Q

What kind of drug is dimenhydrinate?

A

antihistamine

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64
Q

What is the brand name for dimenhydrinate?

A

Dramamine

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65
Q

What is the generic name for Dramamine?

A

dimenhydrinate

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66
Q

What kind of drug is diphenhydramine?

A

antihistamine

67
Q

What is the brand name for diphenhydramine?

68
Q

What is the generic name for Benadryl?

A

diphenhydramine

69
Q

What kind of drug is meclizine?

A

antihistamine

70
Q

What is the brand name for meclizine?

71
Q

What is the generic name for Bonine?

72
Q

What kind of drug is promethazine?

A

antihistamine

73
Q

What is the brand name for promethazine?

74
Q

What is the generic name for Phenergan?

A

promethazine

75
Q

How do dopamine antagonist drugs work?

A

They block the dopamine receptors and stop the nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain.

76
Q

What kind of drug is amisulpride?

A

dopamine antagonist

77
Q

What kind of drug is metoclopramide?

A

dopamine antagonist

78
Q

When are neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) used?

A

To treat postoperative vomiting and nausea and those associated with chemotherapy.

79
Q

What kind of drug is aprepitant?

80
Q

What is the brand name for aprepitant?

81
Q

What is the generic name for Civanti?

A

aprepitant

82
Q

What kind of drug is fosprepitant?

83
Q

What is the brand name for fosaprepitant?

84
Q

What is the generic name for Emend?

A

fosaprepitant

85
Q

What kind of drug is rolapitant?

86
Q

What is the brand name for rolapitant?

87
Q

What is the generic name for Varubi?

A

rolapitant

88
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

A

A chronic disease of the small and large intestines.

89
Q

What kind of drug is betamethasone?

A

corticosteroid

90
Q

What is the brand name for betamethasone?

91
Q

What is the generic name for Celestone?

A

betamethasone

92
Q

What kind of drug is budesonide?

A

corticosteroid

93
Q

What kind of drug is cortisone?

A

corticosteroid

94
Q

What kind of drug is hyrdrocortisone?

A

corticosteroid

95
Q

What kind of drug is methylprednisolone?

A

corticosteroid

96
Q

What kind of drug is prednisolone?

A

corticosteroid

97
Q

What kind of drug is prednisone?

A

corticosteroid

98
Q

What kind of drug is adalimumab?

A

Tumor necrosis factor blocker

99
Q

What is the brand name for adalimumab?

100
Q

What is the generic name for Humira?

A

adalimumab

101
Q

What kind of drug is certolizumab?

A

Tumor necrosis factor blocker

102
Q

What is the brand name for certolizumab?

103
Q

What is the generic name for Cimzia?

A

certolizumab

104
Q

What kind of drug is golimumab?

A

Tumor necrosis factor blocker

105
Q

What is the brand name for golimumab?

106
Q

What is the generic name for Simponi?

107
Q

What kind of drug is infliximab?

A

Tumor necrosis factor blocker

108
Q

What tumor necrosis factor blocker can only be used to teat Crohn’s disease?

A

certolizumab (Cimzia)

109
Q

What tumor necrosis factor can only be used to treat ulcerative colitis?

A

golimumab (Simponi)

110
Q

What are 5-ASA drugs used to treat?

A

Ulcerative colitis

111
Q

What kind of drug is balsalazide?

112
Q

What is the brand name for balsalazide?

113
Q

What is the generic name for Colazal?

A

balsalazide

114
Q

What kind of drug is mesalamine?

115
Q

What is the brand name for mesalamine?

116
Q

What is the generic name for Lialda?

A

mesalamine

117
Q

What kind of drug is olsalazine?

118
Q

What is the brand name for olsalazine?

119
Q

What is the generic name for Dipentum?

A

olsalazine

120
Q

What kind of drug is sulfasalazine?

121
Q

What are Janus-associated kinase inhibitor (JAKi) drugs used to treat?

A

ulcerative colitis

122
Q

What kind of drug is tofacitinib?

123
Q

What is the brand name for tofacitinib?

124
Q

What is the generic name for Xeljanz?

A

tofacitinib

125
Q

What are anti-infective drugs used to treat?

A

IBS not associated with constipation

126
Q

What kind of drug is rifaxamin?

A

anti-infective

127
Q

What kind of drug is dicyclomine?

A

Antispasmodic

128
Q

What are chloride channel activator drugs used to treat?

A

IBS associated with constipation

129
Q

What kind of drug is lubiprostone?

A

chloride channel activator

130
Q

What is the brand name for lubiprostone?

131
Q

What is the generic name for Amitiza?

A

lubiprostone

132
Q

What are opioid receptor drugs?

A

Drugs that stimulate opioid receptors in the intestine and relieves pain, but causes constipation

133
Q

What are opioid receptor drugs used to treat?

A

IBS associated with diarrhea

134
Q

What kind of drug is eluxadoline?

A

opioid receptor agonist

135
Q

What is the brand name for eluxadoline?

136
Q

What is the generic name for Viberzi?

A

eluxadoline

137
Q

What kind of drug is polycarbophil?

138
Q

What kind of drug is methylcellulose?

139
Q

What kind of drug is psyllium?

140
Q

What kind of drug is wheat dextrin?

141
Q

What is the brand name for calcium polycarbophil?

A

Equalactin or Fibercon

142
Q

What is the generic name for Fibercon?

A

calcium polycarbophil

143
Q

What is the brand name for methycellulose?

144
Q

What is the generic name for citrucel?

A

methylcellulose

145
Q

What is the brand name for psyllium?

146
Q

What is the generic name for Metamucil?

147
Q

What is the brand name for wheat dextrin?

148
Q

What is the generic name for Benefiber?

A

wheat dextrin

149
Q

What are anorexiant drugs?

A

appetite suppressant drugs

150
Q

What kind of drug is benzphetamine?

A

anorexiant (appetite suppressant)

151
Q

What kind of drug is diethylpropion?

A

anorexiant (appetite suppressant)

152
Q

What kind of drug is phendimetrazine?

A

anorexiant (appetite suppressant)

153
Q

What kind of drug is phentermine?

A

anorexiant (appetite suppressant)

154
Q

How do GLP-1 agonist drugs work?

A

they slow the emptying of the stomach

155
Q

What kind of drug is liraglutide?

A

GLP-1 agonist

156
Q

What kind of drug is semaglutide?

A

GLP-1 agonist

157
Q

What is the brand name for liraglutide?

158
Q

What is the generic name for Saxenda?

A

liraglutide

159
Q

What is the brand name for semaglutide?

160
Q

What is the generic name for Wegovy

A

semaglutide

161
Q

How do lipase inhibitor drugs work?

A

They bind to lipase and stops them from break down dietary fats and being absorbed

162
Q

What kind of drug is orlistat?

A

lipase inhibitor

163
Q

What is the brand name for orlistat?

164
Q

What is the generic name for Xenical?

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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