Gastrointestinal Flashcards
1
Q
What is the generic term for GERD?
A
heartburn
2
Q
How does GERD occur?
A
When hydrochloric acid and stomach contents are allowed to flow back into the esophagus.
3
Q
What are antacids?
A
Weak bases that exert therapeutic effect by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
4
Q
What kind of drug is aluminum hydroxide?
A
antacid
5
Q
What kind of drug is calcium carbonate?
A
antacid
6
Q
What is the brand name for calcium carbonate?
A
Tums
7
Q
What kind of drug is magnesium hydroxide?
A
antacid
8
Q
What is another name for magnesium hydroxide?
A
milk of magnesium (MOM)
9
Q
What drugs are in Alka-Seltzer?
A
sodium bicarbonate and aspirin
10
Q
What drugs are in Di-Gel?
A
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
11
Q
What drugs are in Gaviscon?
A
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
12
Q
What drugs are in Gelusil, Mylanta and Maalox?
A
aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and simethicone
13
Q
What drugs are in Roloids?
A
calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
14
Q
How do H2 blockers work?
A
It blocks antihistamine receptors, which then stops the production of hydrochloric acid.
15
Q
What is the suffix common to H2 blockers?
A
-tidine
16
Q
What kind of drug is cimetidine?
A
H2 blocker
17
Q
What is the brand name for cimetidine?
A
Tagamet
18
Q
What is the generic name for Tagamet?
A
cimetidine
19
Q
What kind of drug is famotidine?
A
H2 block
20
Q
What is the brand name for famotidine?
A
Pepcid
21
Q
What is the generic name for Pepcid?
A
famotidine
22
Q
What kind of drug is nizatide?
A
H2 blocker
23
Q
What was the first H2 blocker approved for OTC use by the FDA?
A
Pepcid (famotidine)
24
Q
What H2 blocker was taken off the market completely?
A
Zantac (ranitidine)
25
When was Zantac taken off the market?
2020
26
What is the common suffix for proton pump inhibitor drugs?
-prazole
27
How are proton pump inhibitor drugs different than H2 blocker drugs?
Proton pump inhibitor drugs have a longer-lasting effect (24 hours) because they decrease more hydrochloric acid.
28
What kind of drug is dexlansoprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
29
What is the brand name for dexlansoprazole?
Dexilant
30
What is the generic name for Dexilant?
dexlansoprazole
31
What kind of drug is esomeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
32
What is the brand name for esomeprazole?
Nexium
33
What is the generic name for Nexium?
esomeprazole
34
What kind of drug is lansoprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
35
What is the brand name for lansoprazole?
Prevacid
36
What is the generic name for Prevacid?
lansoprazole
37
What kind of drug is omeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
38
What is the brand name for omeprazole?
Prilosec
39
What is the generic name for Prilosec?
omeprazole
40
What kind of drug is pantoprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
41
What is the brand name for pantoprazole?
Protonix
42
What is the generic name for Protonix?
pantoprazole
43
What kind of drug is rabeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
44
What is the brand name for rabeprazole?
AcipHex
45
What is the generic name for AcipHex?
rabeprazole
46
How do gastric stimulant drugs work?
They increase the stimulation of stomach contractions, allowing the stomach to empty more frequently.
47
What kind of drug is metoclopramide?
gastric stimulant
48
What is the brand name for metoclopramide?
Reglan
49
What is the generic name for Reglan?
metoclopramide
50
What does the root pept(o) mean?
digestion
51
How does an ulcer form?
When the protective surface of the mucous membrane is removed, then pepsin breaks down the underlying mucous membrane.
52
How do prostaglandin drugs work?
They stimulate mucous production (protective barrier), bicarbonate secretion (raises pH), and inhibits HCl production
53
What kind of drug is misoprostol?
prostaglandin
54
What is the brand name for misoprostol?
Cyotec
55
What is the generic name for Cyotec?
misoprostol
56
What kind of drug is sucralfate?
surface protectant
57
What is the brand name for sucralfate?
Carafate
58
What is the generic name for Carafate?
sucralfate
59
What does the root word emet(o) mean?
vomiting
60
What are antiemetic drugs?
Drugs that control nausea and vomiting
61
How do anticholinergic drugs work?
The decrease stomach contractions
62
What kind of drug is scopolamine?
anticholinergic
63
What kind of drug is dimenhydrinate?
antihistamine
64
What is the brand name for dimenhydrinate?
Dramamine
65
What is the generic name for Dramamine?
dimenhydrinate
66
What kind of drug is diphenhydramine?
antihistamine
67
What is the brand name for diphenhydramine?
Benadryl
68
What is the generic name for Benadryl?
diphenhydramine
69
What kind of drug is meclizine?
antihistamine
70
What is the brand name for meclizine?
Bonine
71
What is the generic name for Bonine?
meclizine
72
What kind of drug is promethazine?
antihistamine
73
What is the brand name for promethazine?
Phenergan
74
What is the generic name for Phenergan?
promethazine
75
How do dopamine antagonist drugs work?
They block the dopamine receptors and stop the nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain.
76
What kind of drug is amisulpride?
dopamine antagonist
77
What kind of drug is metoclopramide?
dopamine antagonist
78
When are neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) used?
To treat *postoperative* vomiting and nausea and those associated with chemotherapy.
79
What kind of drug is aprepitant?
NK1RA
80
What is the brand name for aprepitant?
Civanti
81
What is the generic name for Civanti?
aprepitant
82
What kind of drug is fosprepitant?
NK1RA
83
What is the brand name for fosaprepitant?
Emend
84
What is the generic name for Emend?
fosaprepitant
85
What kind of drug is rolapitant?
NK1RA
86
What is the brand name for rolapitant?
Varubi
87
What is the generic name for Varubi?
rolapitant
88
What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
A chronic disease of the small and large intestines.
89
What kind of drug is betamethasone?
corticosteroid
90
What is the brand name for betamethasone?
Celestone
91
What is the generic name for Celestone?
betamethasone
92
What kind of drug is budesonide?
corticosteroid
93
What kind of drug is cortisone?
corticosteroid
94
What kind of drug is hyrdrocortisone?
corticosteroid
95
What kind of drug is methylprednisolone?
corticosteroid
96
What kind of drug is prednisolone?
corticosteroid
97
What kind of drug is prednisone?
corticosteroid
98
What kind of drug is adalimumab?
Tumor necrosis factor blocker
99
What is the brand name for adalimumab?
Humira
100
What is the generic name for Humira?
adalimumab
101
What kind of drug is certolizumab?
Tumor necrosis factor blocker
102
What is the brand name for certolizumab?
Cimzia
103
What is the generic name for Cimzia?
certolizumab
104
What kind of drug is golimumab?
Tumor necrosis factor blocker
105
What is the brand name for golimumab?
Simponi
106
What is the generic name for Simponi?
golimumab
107
What kind of drug is infliximab?
Tumor necrosis factor blocker
108
What tumor necrosis factor blocker can *only* be used to teat *Crohn's disease*?
certolizumab (Cimzia)
109
What tumor necrosis factor can *only* be used to treat *ulcerative colitis*?
golimumab (Simponi)
110
What are 5-ASA drugs used to treat?
Ulcerative colitis
111
What kind of drug is balsalazide?
5-ASA
112
What is the brand name for balsalazide?
Colazal
113
What is the generic name for Colazal?
balsalazide
114
What kind of drug is mesalamine?
5-ASA
115
What is the brand name for mesalamine?
Lialda
116
What is the generic name for Lialda?
mesalamine
117
What kind of drug is olsalazine?
5-ASA
118
What is the brand name for olsalazine?
Dipentum
119
What is the generic name for Dipentum?
olsalazine
120
What kind of drug is sulfasalazine?
5-ASA
121
What are Janus-associated kinase inhibitor (JAKi) drugs used to treat?
ulcerative colitis
122
What kind of drug is tofacitinib?
JAKi
123
What is the brand name for tofacitinib?
Xeljanz
124
What is the generic name for Xeljanz?
tofacitinib
125
What are anti-infective drugs used to treat?
IBS not associated with constipation
126
What kind of drug is rifaxamin?
anti-infective
127
What kind of drug is dicyclomine?
Antispasmodic
128
What are chloride channel activator drugs used to treat?
IBS associated with constipation
129
What kind of drug is lubiprostone?
chloride channel activator
130
What is the brand name for lubiprostone?
Amitiza
131
What is the generic name for Amitiza?
lubiprostone
132
What are opioid receptor drugs?
Drugs that stimulate opioid receptors in the intestine and relieves pain, but causes constipation
133
What are opioid receptor drugs used to treat?
IBS associated with diarrhea
134
What kind of drug is eluxadoline?
opioid receptor agonist
135
What is the brand name for eluxadoline?
Viberzi
136
What is the generic name for Viberzi?
eluxadoline
137
What kind of drug is polycarbophil?
Laxative
138
What kind of drug is methylcellulose?
laxative
139
What kind of drug is psyllium?
laxative
140
What kind of drug is wheat dextrin?
laxative
141
What is the brand name for calcium polycarbophil?
Equalactin or Fibercon
142
What is the generic name for Fibercon?
calcium polycarbophil
143
What is the brand name for methycellulose?
Citrucel
144
What is the generic name for citrucel?
methylcellulose
145
What is the brand name for psyllium?
Metamucil
146
What is the generic name for Metamucil?
psyllium
147
What is the brand name for wheat dextrin?
Benefiber
148
What is the generic name for Benefiber?
wheat dextrin
149
What are anorexiant drugs?
appetite suppressant drugs
150
What kind of drug is benzphetamine?
anorexiant (appetite suppressant)
151
What kind of drug is diethylpropion?
anorexiant (appetite suppressant)
152
What kind of drug is phendimetrazine?
anorexiant (appetite suppressant)
153
What kind of drug is phentermine?
anorexiant (appetite suppressant)
154
How do GLP-1 agonist drugs work?
they slow the emptying of the stomach
155
What kind of drug is liraglutide?
GLP-1 agonist
156
What kind of drug is semaglutide?
GLP-1 agonist
157
What is the brand name for liraglutide?
Saxenda
158
What is the generic name for Saxenda?
liraglutide
159
What is the brand name for semaglutide?
Wegovy
160
What is the generic name for Wegovy
semaglutide
161
How do lipase inhibitor drugs work?
They bind to lipase and stops them from break down dietary fats and being absorbed
162
What kind of drug is orlistat?
lipase inhibitor
163
What is the brand name for orlistat?
Xenical
164
What is the generic name for Xenical?
orlistat
