INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

Define pharmacology

Answer 1

the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects and modes of action of drugs

Question 2

Define Drug

Answer 2

A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested, or otherwise introduced to the body.

Question 3

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

How the body deals with a a drug

Question 4

Define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

The effect of a drug on the body

Question 5

Define therapeutic effect

Answer 5

A consequence of any medical treatment, the results of which are deemed to be desirable and beneficial.

Question 6

Define side effect

Answer 6

Secondary effect of a drug

Question 7

Define drug interaction

Answer 7

when the administration of one drug, before or after, effects the results of one or both drugs

Question 8

Define drug allergy

Answer 8

immunological reaction to a drug

Question 9

Define drug abuse

Answer 9

inappropriate intake of a substance either continually or periodically

Question 10

Define drug dependence

Answer 10

a persons reliance on, or need to take a drug/substance

Question 11

Define illicit drug

Answer 11

unregulated, illegally sold drugs

Question 12

Define dose

Answer 12

a dose of a drug that achieves the desired effect without causing harmful side effects

Question 13

Define bioavailability

Answer 13

the drug has reached circulation and is available for all the tissues

Question 14

Define tolerance

Answer 14

a decreasing response to repetitive drug doses

Question 15

Define agonist

Answer 15

a drug that initiates the receptor to activate the biological reaction

Question 16

Define antagonist

Answer 16

a drug that blocks the receptors without activating them

Question 17

Define receptor

Answer 17

a functional macro-molecule in a cell which a drug binds to, to produce its effects

Question 18

Drug molecules must exert…

Answer 18

some chemical influence on cells to produce a pharmacological response

Question 19

All that drugs can do is:

Answer 19

mimic and block

Question 20

Drugs cannot make the body…

Answer 20

do anything it is not already capable of doing

Question 21

Define enteral

Answer 21

involving the gastrointestinal tract

Question 22

What are the pros and cons of oral administration

Answer 22

+convenient, safe -inappropriate for client nausea and vomiting, can cause gastrointestinal irritation

Question 23

What are the pros and cons or sublingual administration

Answer 23

+rapid absorption into blood stream, higher potency than oral - drug must be fully dissolved under the tongue, if swallowed drug may be inactive

Question 24

What are the pros and cons of rectal administration

Answer 24

+can be used when drug has bad taste - invasive

Question 25

Define parental administration

Answer 25

administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal

Question 26

What are the pros and cons of subcutaneous administration

Answer 26

+fast onset -must involve sterile technique, only small doses, slower absorption than IM

Question 27

What are the pros and cons of intramuscular administration

Answer 27

+can administer large volumes of a drug, rapid absorption -must involve sterile technique

Question 28

Define intravenous

Answer 28

administered directly to the blood stream

Question 29

Define inhalation

Answer 29

administered directly to the lungs

Question 30

What are the 4 major processes of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 30

ADME. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

Question 31

Name 5 factors that can effect pharmacokinetics

Answer 31

drug solubility, small intestine surface area, molecular size, blood flow, renal problems

Question 32

What is the first pass effect?

Answer 32

Describes the initial metabolism of a drug by an organ/body system that reduces the drug concentration before bioavailability.