INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Define pharmacology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects and modes of action of drugs

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2
Q

Define Drug

A

A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested, or otherwise introduced to the body.

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3
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

How the body deals with a a drug

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4
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

The effect of a drug on the body

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5
Q

Define therapeutic effect

A

A consequence of any medical treatment, the results of which are deemed to be desirable and beneficial.

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6
Q

Define side effect

A

Secondary effect of a drug

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7
Q

Define drug interaction

A

when the administration of one drug, before or after, effects the results of one or both drugs

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8
Q

Define drug allergy

A

immunological reaction to a drug

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9
Q

Define drug abuse

A

inappropriate intake of a substance either continually or periodically

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10
Q

Define drug dependence

A

a persons reliance on, or need to take a drug/substance

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11
Q

Define illicit drug

A

unregulated, illegally sold drugs

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12
Q

Define dose

A

a dose of a drug that achieves the desired effect without causing harmful side effects

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13
Q

Define bioavailability

A

the drug has reached circulation and is available for all the tissues

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14
Q

Define tolerance

A

a decreasing response to repetitive drug doses

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15
Q

Define agonist

A

a drug that initiates the receptor to activate the biological reaction

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16
Q

Define antagonist

A

a drug that blocks the receptors without activating them

17
Q

Define receptor

A

a functional macro-molecule in a cell which a drug binds to, to produce its effects

18
Q

Drug molecules must exert…

A

some chemical influence on cells to produce a pharmacological response

19
Q

All that drugs can do is:

A

mimic and block

20
Q

Drugs cannot make the body…

A

do anything it is not already capable of doing

21
Q

Define enteral

A

involving the gastrointestinal tract

22
Q

What are the pros and cons of oral administration

A

+convenient, safe -inappropriate for client nausea and vomiting, can cause gastrointestinal irritation

23
Q

What are the pros and cons or sublingual administration

A

+rapid absorption into blood stream, higher potency than oral - drug must be fully dissolved under the tongue, if swallowed drug may be inactive

24
Q

What are the pros and cons of rectal administration

A

+can be used when drug has bad taste - invasive

25
Q

Define parental administration

A

administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal

26
Q

What are the pros and cons of subcutaneous administration

A

+fast onset -must involve sterile technique, only small doses, slower absorption than IM

27
Q

What are the pros and cons of intramuscular administration

A

+can administer large volumes of a drug, rapid absorption -must involve sterile technique

28
Q

Define intravenous

A

administered directly to the blood stream

29
Q

Define inhalation

A

administered directly to the lungs

30
Q

What are the 4 major processes of pharmacokinetics?

A

ADME. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

31
Q

Name 5 factors that can effect pharmacokinetics

A

drug solubility, small intestine surface area, molecular size, blood flow, renal problems

32
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

Describes the initial metabolism of a drug by an organ/body system that reduces the drug concentration before bioavailability.