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Pharm Week > Intro to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Substance that causes a change in biological function

A

Drug

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2
Q

Pro-drug

A

Drug that is converted to its active form by biological processes in the body

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3
Q

Study of appropriate use of medications to treat

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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4
Q

Study of genetic impact on drug metabolic processes that affect individual response

A

Pharmacogenomics

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5
Q

Methods to evaluate/compare value between therapies

A

Pharmacoeconomics

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6
Q

Study uses and effects of medications on large populations

A

Pharmacoepidemiology

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7
Q

Drugs that have the same action/class have what in common?

A

SUFFIX

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8
Q

Approximately how long does it take for a drug to develop in the US?

A

20 years

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9
Q

Describe the overall general pathway once a drug is administered?

A
  • Drug is distributed equally into circulation/tissues
    • Drug either metabolized and excreted OR concentrated at site of action
  • If at site: - - Effect OR Toxic
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10
Q

Pharmacokinetics deals with?

A

Time

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11
Q

Pharmacodynamics deals with?

A

Effect

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12
Q

What are the 2 major reasons for drug therapy failure?

A

Medication errors

Patient compliance

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13
Q

What is the Therapeutic Window?

A

Ratio between the Minimum Effective Concentration and the Minimum Toxic Concentration

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14
Q

When the Minimum Effective Concentration is reached, what occurs?

A

Effects! (Duration of the intended action)

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15
Q

ex. of drugs with small therapeutic windows (BAD)?

A

Warfarin, lithium, digoxin

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16
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

- MOST RAPID ONSET

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17
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

- Can do large volumes but painful

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18
Q

SC

A

Subcutaneous

- Smaller volumes but painful

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19
Q

PO

A

Oral

- Most convenient and includes 1st pass effect

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20
Q

PR

A

Rectal

- Less 1st pass effect

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21
Q

Inhalation has a ____ onset

A

Rapid

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22
Q

Transdermal has a ____ absorption and _____ duration of action

A

SLOW absorption

PROLONGED duration of action

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23
Q

What is necessary to convert Acetomenophin out of its toxic form for it to be excreted?

A

Glutathione

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24
Q

ex. of Non-deleterious effects

A

Hair loss, itching, hair growth

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25
Q

Deleterious effects are ____

A

TOXIC

26
Q

SAME ingredients, dose, form, route etc.

A

Pharmaceutical Equivalance

27
Q

Same drug but DIFFERENT complexes/salts/doses/forms

A

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

28
Q

To be therapeutically equivalent, drugs must be?

A

Pharmaceutically equivalent with same effect and safety profile

29
Q

Similar rate and extent of absorption with 80%-125% of reference product

A

Bioequivalence

30
Q

Drugs that require a Rx are scheduled when?

A

There is potential for abuse

31
Q

As you go from Schedule 1-5, what occurs?

A

Decreased risk for abuse

32
Q

3 Pregnancy risk categories?

A
  1. Pregnancy (labor and delivery)
  2. Lactation (nursing moms)
  3. Female and Male reproductive potential
33
Q

q.d.

A

Daily

34
Q

Daily

A

q.d.

35
Q

b.i.d.

A

twice daily

36
Q

twice daily

A

b.i.d.

37
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times daily

38
Q

three times daily

A

t.i.d.

39
Q

q.i.d.

A

four times daily

40
Q

four times daily

A

q.i.d.

41
Q

q.o.d.

A

every other day

42
Q

every other day

A

q.o.d.

43
Q

q.”#”.h.

A

every # of hours

44
Q

every 12 hours

A

q12h

45
Q

q.a.m.

A

every morning

46
Q

every morning

A

q.a.m.

47
Q

q.p.m.

A

every evening

48
Q

every evening

A

q.p.m.

49
Q

q.h.s.

A

every night at bed time

50
Q

every night at bed time

A

q.h.s.

51
Q

p.r.n.

A

as needed

52
Q

as needed

A

p.r.n

53
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

54
Q

before meals

A

a.c.

55
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

56
Q

after meals

A

p.c.

57
Q

p.o.

A

by mouth

58
Q

by mouth

A

p.o.

59
Q

s.l.

A

under the tongue

60
Q

under the tongue

A

s.l.

61
Q

NGT and OGT

A

Naso-Gastric Tube

Oro-Gastric Tube

62
Q

What is the dosage formula?

A

Docs order/supply on hand X Quantity(form)

Pharm Week (6 decks)

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