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Pharm Week > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

A

Capable of inhibiting the growth/reproduction of bacteria

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2
Q

Bactericidal Antibiotics

A

Capable of killing bacteria

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3
Q

What 5 things can Antibiotics target to disrupt bacteria?

A
  1. Cell wall synthesis
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. DNA/RNA synthesis
  4. Folate (TH4) synthesis
  5. Membrane integrity
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4
Q

What are the 5 most common Bacteriostatic Antibiotics?

A 
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
Oxazolidinones
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5
Q

What is the most widely used antibiotic?

A

Beta-lactam

Bactericidal

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6
Q

2 most common examples of Beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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7
Q

MOA for Beta-lactams?

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Minor side effects are common with Beta-lactams, are anaphylactic reactions?

A

NO

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9
Q

Bacteria produce ______ enzymes that resist antibiotics (ex. penicillinase)

A

Beta-lactamase

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10
Q

What inhibitors prevent resistance and are used with beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

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11
Q

Medication for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa?

A

Tazobactum + Piperacillin

beta-lactamase inhibitor + beta-lactam antibiotic

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12
Q

Tazobactum is a?

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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13
Q

What penicillin treats strep throat and syphillis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin

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14
Q

Benzathine Penicillin is safe or unsafe during pregnancy?

A

SAFE

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone is what type of beta-lactam antibiotic?

A

Cephalosporin Gen. 3

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16
Q

What does Ceftriaxone treat?

A

E. Coli –> Acute pyelonephritis
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Infections after surgery

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17
Q

What patient population often gets acute pyelonephritis after E.coli and can be treated with ceftriaxone?

A

Young adult women

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18
Q

Risk of cross-reactivity with penicillins and cephalosporins is acceptable when the patient has a history of?

A

Minor allergic-like reaction

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19
Q

2 Beta-lactam antibiotics used to treat staph. aureus?

A

Methicillin

Oxacillin

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20
Q

MSSA/OSSA

A

Methicillin/Oxacillin Susceptible Staph. Aureus

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21
Q

MRSA/ORSA

A

Methicillin/Oxacillin Resistant Staph. Aureus

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22
Q

What does MRSA/ORSA produce to make the staph. aureus resistant to treatment with the beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillinase

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23
Q

MRSA/ORSA are treated with?

A

Vancomycin

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24
Q

2 adverse effects of Macrolides?

A

Inhibit cytochrome P450 drug metabolism

Produce cardiac effects like QT prolongation and Torsade de pointes

25
Q

Common ex. of a Macrolides?

A

Erythromycin

26
Q

Common ex. of an Aminoglycoside?

A

Streptomycin

27
Q

What few things are Aminoglycosides used to treat?

A

Sepsis

Respiratory and urinary and intra-abdominal infections

28
Q

Where is Chloramphenicol used?

A

Low income countries

29
Q

Chloramphenicol treats?

A

Conjunctivitis

30
Q

Chloramphenicol is no longer used in developed nations due to safety concerns and resistance. What are possible side effects?

A

Bone marrow suppression
Gray Baby syndrome
Nausea, diarrhea

31
Q

What is Gray Baby Syndrome and what is it seen with?

A

Chloramphenicol

Low BP and swollen baby belly

32
Q

Common ex. of a Glycopeptide?

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

MOA for Glycopeptides? (Vancomycin)

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

34
Q

Vancomycin treats?

A

MRSA/ORSA

35
Q

Resistance to Quinolone antibiotics evolves rapidly. What is their mechanism of action?

A

Interferes with DNA replication and transcription

36
Q

Common ex. of a Quinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

37
Q

Quinolones treat?

A

GU/hospital/community-acquired infections

38
Q

Common ex. of a Oxazolidinone?

A

Linezolid

39
Q

Oxazolidinone treats?

A

Gram + bacteria that is resistant to other antibiotics

Skin infections, Pneumonia and TB

40
Q

Sulfonamides usually treat?

A

Vaginal yeast infections

41
Q

What group of antibiotics used ________ as a solvent that killed people and caused the FDA to form?

A

Sulfonamides

Diethylene Glycol as solvent

42
Q

Why are Tetracyclines avoided during pregnancy?

A

Bone growth suppression and staining of the teeth

43
Q

What class of Antibiotics can demonstrate Antiviral activity and why?

A

Ansamycins

MOA=interferes with RNA synthesis

44
Q

Streptogramins are 2 groups that act?

A

Synergistically

45
Q

What are Streptogramins used to treat?

A

Vancomycin Resistant Bacteria

46
Q

With what antibiotic class is resistance rare?

A

Lipopeptides

47
Q

Lipopeptides MOA?

A

Disrupts cell membrane function

48
Q

Common ex. of Lipopeptides?

A

Daptomycin

49
Q

Daptomycin treats?

A

Severe infections by Gram + bacteria

Staph. Aureus endocarditis and bacteremia

50
Q

What antibiotic is an alternative to penicillin?

A

Clindamycin

51
Q

Clindamycin is a ______ antibiotic

A

Bacteriostatic

52
Q

FDA Pregnancy categories from least harmful to most harmful

A 
A
B - safe
C - have not been shown to harm fetus
D - should be avoided if possible
X - should NOT be used
53
Q

When should Category D antibiotics be taken?

A

ONLY if the alternative is worse

54
Q

Doxycycline
Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
Tetracycline
Tigecycline

A

Category D antibiotics

55
Q

What does Streptomycin cause in fetuses?

A

Newborn hearing loss

56
Q

Vancomycin resistant bacteria produce what at the C termini?

A

D-Ala:D-Lac

D-Ala:D-Ser

57
Q

What is Vancomycin drawn to normally at the C termini?

A

D-Ala:D-Ala

58
Q

With Vancomycin resistance, Vancomycin does not bind and what results?

A

Stable cross-links

Pharm Week (6 decks)

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